Abstract: This paper deals with the contents of DNA, RNA and protein of chloroplast and its ultrastructure for two species of Vernicia and one species of Aleurites. Chloroplasts of two genera are in shape of an egg, and in comparison with that of Aleurites, chloroplast of Vernicia is short and thick. Stroma lamella of chloroplast of the former genus is less than that of the latter one. There are many osmiophilic globuli in chloroplast of the former genus but osmiophilic globuli of the latter genus are not so abundant as the former one. There is no difference on content of chloroplast protein between Vernicia and Aleurites. But chloroplast DNA and RNA content of the former and their RNA/DNA ratio are higher than those of the latter. Vernicia Lour. have not been accepted for a long time, but these characters of chloroplast ultrastructure and results of biochemical analysis show that there is obvious difference between Vernicia and Aleurites, and recent separation of the two genera by Airy Shaw is reasonable.