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平原沙土区不同林分类型下土壤有机碳库特征及其影响因子

Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon Pools and Their Influencing Factors under Different Stand Types in the Plain Sandy Area

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 明晰不同林分类型下土壤有机碳库特征，以期为平原沙土区土壤碳库的提高和生态恢复提供理论依据。
    方法 以江苏省平原沙土区丰县16年生杨树纯林、柳树纯林、杨柳混交林3种林分类型及相邻的撂荒地（对照）为对象，测定0～20、20～40、40～60、60～80、80～100 cm等5个土壤层次有机碳及活性组分和土壤酶活性，计算土壤碳库管理指数，并对土壤有机碳库特征和环境因子进行相关性分析。
    结果 （1）3种林分类型及对照各土层有机碳含量和储量范围分别为1.03～5.88 g·kg−1和3.53～17.55 t·hm−2。与对照相比，0～100 cm土层，3种林分类型土壤有机碳含量增加了45.2%～82.2%。杨树纯林0～100 cm土层有机碳储量分别是柳树纯林、杨柳混交林和对照的1.23、1.24、1.83倍。（2）与对照相比，0～100 cm土层，3种林分类型的土壤易氧化有机碳、可溶性有机碳和微生物生物量碳含量分别提高了28.6%～48.0%、6.8%～9.7%和21.6%～33.4%。3种林分类型土壤碳库管理指数显著高于100%（P<0.05）。（3）林分类型显著影响土壤蔗糖酶和多酚氧化酶活性（P<0.05），杨柳混交林0～100 cm土层多酚氧化酶活性显著高于杨树纯林和对照（P<0.05）。（4）相关性分析表明，土壤有机碳库特征受多酚氧化酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性显著影响，有机碳含量和储量、易氧化有机碳含量及碳库管理指数受蔗糖酶、过氧化物酶活性显著影响，微生物生物量碳受蔗糖酶活性显著影响。冗余分析表明，土壤碳氮比和细根生物量是土壤有机碳库特征的主要影响因素。
    结论 平原沙土区营造人工林提高了土壤有机碳及活性组分和有机碳库稳定性，杨树纯林提高土壤有机碳储量效果最好。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective By investigating the characteristics of soil organic carbon pools under different stand types, this study aims to provide a theoretical basis for the enhancement of soil carbon pools and ecological restoration in plain sandy areas.
    Method Soil organic carbon (SOC), labile organic carbon fractions and soil enzyme activities were measured in five soil layers (0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80 and 80-100 cm depth) for three 16-year-old stand types (poplar pure plantation, willow pure plantation and poplar-willow mixed plantation) and a nearby abandoned land (as control) at a typical plain sandy area of Feng County, Jiangsu Province. The carbon pool management index (CPMI) was estimated for the examined stands. The correlations between soil carbon pool characteristics and environmental factors therein were also analyzed.
    Result (1) In general, the organic carbon content (SOC) and storage (SOCS) of the three forest types and the control soil layers ranged from 1.03 to 5.88 g·kg−1 and 3.53 to 17.55 t·hm−2, respectively. Among them, the SOC content increased by 45.2%-82.2% in the forested sites compared with the control site, and the SOCS in the 0-100 cm soil layer of pure poplar forest was 1.23, 1.24, and 1.83 times that of pure willow forest, mixed willow forest and the control, respectively. (2) Compared with the control, the soil labile organic carbon fractions, including easily oxidizable organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon, increased by 28.6%-48.0%, 6.8%-9.7% and 21.6%-33.4%, respectively. The CPMI was significantly higher than 100% for the three stand types (P<0.05). (3) Soil invertase activity and polyphenol oxidase activity were significantly affected by stand types, and the polyphenol oxidase activity of poplar-willow mixed plantation was significantly higher than that of poplar pure plantation and control (P<0.05) in 0-100 cm soil layer. (4) Pearson correlation analysis showed that characteristics of SOC pools were significantly affected by polyphenol oxidase and β-glucosidase activities(P<0.05), SOC, SOCS, EOC and CPMI were significantly affected by invertase, peroxidase activities. MBC was significantly affected by invertase activity. Redundancy analysis showed that soil carbon to nitrogen ratio and fine root biomass were the main factors in affecting the characteristics of SOC pools in the study area.
    Conclusion Plantation in plain sandy soil area can improve soil organic carbon, active components and stability of organic carbon pool, and pure poplar forest has the best effect on improving soil organic carbon storage.

     

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