Abstract: To determine the factors influencing the spatial distribution of poplar catkins, and to screen poplar clones for fewer catkins, 10 quantitative traits related to the quantity of poplar catkins, seed yields and growth increments were measured on 29 female plant clones in the F2 generation of an intraspecific cross of Populus deltoides. The results indicated that the poplar catkins were mainly distributed in tree crowns, with the amount of flowering branches, infructescences, poplar catkins and seed yields being the highest in the middle layer of the crown, the lowest in the lowest layer and intermediate in the highest layer of the crown. The quantity of poplar catkins produced by an individual plant was significantly positively correlated with the mean crown range, and the amount of flowering branchs of individual plant,additionally, was significantly positive correlation with the diameter at breast height (DBH), the length of catkin concentration, the seed amount of each infructescence, the infructescence amount of each plant, and the seed amount of each plant,but was not correlated with tree height and height under branches. These traits varied significantly among hybrid progeny showing high repeatability, indicating that the trait variation was controlled by genetic factors. Three principal components, representing the quantity of catkins, the catkin concentration, the seed yields of each infructescence and other related indicators, were extracted from the 8 correlation characters investigated, and in combination represented 75.487% of total information for the 8 characters. Based on ranking of principal component scores and related traits, all the traits were comprehensively evaluated and 92 121 and 260 three clones with fewer catkins were obtained.