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柿炭疽病防治药剂的筛选

Screening of Fungicides to Pathogens of Persimmon Anthracnose

  • 摘要:
    目的 通过室内毒力测定和田间防治效果相结合的方法筛选对柿炭疽病抑制效果较好的药剂。
    方法 选取山东青州、广西恭城、河南栾川及陕西富平的4个柿炭疽病代表性菌株作为处理对象,测定10类22种杀菌剂对其抑制作用的MIC值和EC50值,在此基础上筛选5种药剂进行田间试验。
    结果 表明:苯并咪唑类、脱甲基抑制剂类(三唑类、DMIs)、苯吡咯类3类杀菌剂效果较好,MIC值均在10 μg·mL-1L以下,EC50在0.011 2~0.520 3 μg·mL-1范围内。30%苯醚甲环唑WG 1500倍液、240 g·L-1噻呋酰胺SC 2000倍液、240 g·L-1吡唑醚菌酯SC 1000倍液、25%咪鲜胺EC 2000倍液、25 g·L-1咯菌腈SC 1000倍液在第4次喷药后10 d调查的防治效果在18.72%~47.76%。
    结论 咯菌腈和咪鲜胺两种药剂起效速度和最终防治效果较好。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective tudy was designed to screen the fungicides for controlling pathogens of persimmon anthracnose by laboratory and field test.
    Method 4 representative persimmon anthracnose strains collected from Qingzhou of Shandong Province, Gongcheng of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Luanchuan of Henan Province and Fuping of Shanxi Province, were selected as the trial materials. By comparing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value and the concentration for 50% of maximal effect (EC50) value of 22 kinds of fungicides belonging to 10 categories to decide the inhibition activity of each fungicide. 5 kinds of fungicide were finally selected to conduct field trials.
    Result The results show that: benzimidazole, demethylation inhibitor and benzene-pyrrole acted better, the MIC values were below 10 μg·mL-1, and the EC50 within the scope of 0.011 2-0.520 3 μg·mL-1. Field trials demonstrated that the inhibition efficacy of 30% difenoconazole WG (1500×), 240 g·L-1 thifluzamide SC (2000×), 240 g·L-1 pyraclostrobine SC (1000×), 25% prochloraz EC (2000×), 25 g·L-1 fludioxonil SC (1000×) were between 18.72%-47.76% when investigated 10 days after the fourth spraying.
    Conclusion The speed of onset and final control effect of fludioxonil and prochloraz were better than the other three kinds of fungicides.

     

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