Objective In order to clarify the morphological and anatomical characteristics of floral organs and male and female gametophytes at different developmental stages of Bambusa textilis under natural conditions.

Method The appearance morphology of each part of floral organs and the development process of male and female gametophytes were observed and described by means of morphology and anatomy, and sectioning techniques.

ResultsThe spikelets of B. textilis had infinite inflorescences, and the florets in the lower part of the spikelets developed first. However, due to the latent buds at the base of the spikelets, they also had the characteristics of definite inflorescence. There were about 8-10 florets in each spikelet with the sterile floret on the top and 2-3 yellow-brown bracts at the base. Each floret contained 1 palea, 1 lemma, 6 stamens, 3 lodicules and 1 pistil. The florets of B. textilis were dichogamy, cross-pollination. The ovary was vase-shaped, and the lower part was smooth without prismatic protrusions and the upper part was unilocular and lateral membranous with an anatropous ovule. The stigmas were three-lobed and feathery. The anther of B. textilis was yellow with four sporangias, and the anther wall was composed of four layers, epidermis, endothecium, middle layer and tapetum from outside to inside. The tapetum was glandular. The tapetum degenerated, leaving only two layers of epidermis and fibrous layer after anther maturation. The mature pollen grains have 2 or 3 nuclei, and the pollen grains are longitudinally dispersed after maturation.

Conclusion The morphological structure of B. textilis floral organs is normal, while various abortions occur during the development of female and male gametophytes, which may be an important reason for the low seed setting rate.