Objective To have a control of pine wilt disease by controlling Monochamus alternatus, the vector of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.
Method To analyze and summary the adult behaviors and chemo-ecological characteristics of M. alternatus by literature retrieval.
Result The adults of M. alternatus crawl around in a small range, and they would fly far away when there is lack of food. Most adult beetles copulate after 10 days' nutritional supplements, and the copulation period can be divided into three stages. First, both male and female beetles are attracted to host plant volatiles; then the male beetles attract female beetles through releasing short-range pheromones; at last, the male beetles distinguish female beetles through contact pheromones. Plant volatiles such as α-pinene and ethanol can trigger the behaviors of M. alternatus, and aggregation pheromone 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol, that male beetles secreted, can attract both male and female beetles. When combining the former substances together, such as attractant APF-Ⅰ, more beetles could be trapped. This method is sensitiveness, efficiency, less resistance, and it is environment friendly. Vision could guide the movements of beetles, and it makes beetles prefer brown than the other colors. The copulation rate decreases when their facetted eyes are painted black. More healthy trees are chosen than weak trees when beetles feeding, but this reverses when it comes to oviposition. Not copulated beetles showed a bigger electroantennography response to healthy pine volatiles than damaged pine volatiles, whereas the copulated beetles showed the opposite response. The female beetles leave jellylike secretion on the scar which contains oviposition deterrence to hamper other females lay here.
Conclusion Attractants can be used to control M. alternatus. The natural enemies, such as Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire), Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, and Sclerodermus guani Xiao et Wu, could also be used to control M. alternatus.
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