气吸针式摇摆叶菜精量播种机设计与试验研究

王晨健; 赵倩; 郭文忠; 贾冬冬; 王琨琦; 贾海遥

doi:10.13427/j.cnki.njyi.2021.07.010

气吸针式摇摆叶菜精量播种机设计与试验研究

1. 西安工业大学机电工程学院;
2. 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心

基金项目:

宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划农业农村领域重大项目(2019BBF02010)

陕西省农业科技创新与攻关目(2016NY-149)

陕西省教育厅产业项目(2013JC26)

详细信息

作者简介:
王晨健(1993-),男,西安人,硕士研究生,(E-mail)2470877259@qq.com

通讯作者:
郭文忠(1970-),男,宁夏中卫人,教授,硕士生导师,(E-mail)guowz@nercita.org.cn

中图分类号: S223.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-04-22
- 刊出日期: 2021-06-30

Design and Test of Precision Seeding Machine of Air Suction Needle Sowing for Leaf-vegetables

1. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Technology University;
2. Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture

摘要

摘要: 针对叶菜类种子粒径小且无规则形状、传统播种机存在精量化程度不高及播种成功率低等问题。以气吸针式播种方式为基础,设计了一种气吸针式摇摆叶菜精量播种机,并采用笔型气缸将直线往复运动转化为播种机摇摆往复运动来实现气缸运动一次完成两次播种。设计了导种结构代替传统播种机垂直运动方向的机械结构,并加入了振动装置使种子处于高频振动状态,提高种子吸附成功率的同时,也避免了种子间相互粘连。依据叶菜种子的三维尺寸,通过理论计算得出了实现种子吸附的临界气流速度为10.1m/s,且采用仿真软件对播种机核心部件笔型气缸的量程、吸嘴内腔结构和负压分流管的结构进行了确定。搭建了气吸针式摇摆叶菜精量播种试验平台,以负压大小、吸嘴口直径大小、种盘振动强度为试验因素,以漏播率、重播率、单粒率为试验指标,进行三因素三水平正交试验,通过对方差与极差的分析确定了试验因素的最优组合参数,即负压大小-25kPa、吸嘴口直径大小0.6mm、种盘振动强度64Hz;依据此参数组合进行播种验证试验,漏播率为2.75%、重播率为5.5%和单粒率为91.75%,可满足叶菜的精量播种要求,为叶菜精量播种提供了一种新的方法。
- 叶菜 /
- 气吸针式 /
- 精量播种 /
- 仿真 /
- 正交试验
Abstract: For the seeds with small particle size and irregular shape of leafy vegetables, the conventional seeding machine has problems such as low degree of precision and low seeding success rate. Based on the method of air suction needle seeding, this paper designs the air suction needle swing type leaf vegetable precision seeding machine, which uses the linear reciprocating motion of the cylinder is converted into the rotary rocking motion of the seeding machine to realize the cylinder movement ones and complete the seeding twice; designed the mechanical structure of the traditional planter to replace the vertical movement of the seeding machine; added the vibration device to make the seed in high-frequency vibration state, improve the success rate of the adsorption seed, and also reduce the mutual adhesion between the seeds. According to the three-dimensional size of the leaf seed, the critical air flow rate for seed adsorption was 10.1 m/s by theoretical calculation, the range of the pen-shaped cylinder, the structure of the inner cavity of the suction nozzle and the structure of the negative pressure shunt tube were determined using simulation software.Through the construction of the air suction needle swing type leaf vegetable precision seed metering test platform, the negative pressure, the diameter of the nozzle, the vibration intensity of the seed disk were taken as test factors,and the leakage rate, re-broad rate, single-grain rate were used as test indicators. Three-factor and three-level orthogonal tests were carried out.The optimal combination parameters of the test factors are determined by analysis of variance and range the negative pressure is-25 kPa, the diameter of the nozzle is 0.6 mm、the vibration intensity of the seed disc is 64 Hz.According to this parameter combination, seed verification test,the leakage rate is 2.75%,the replay rate is 5.5%, the single grain ratio is 91.75%. It can meet the precision seeding requirements of leafy vegetables, and provides a new method for the precision seeding of leafy vegetables.
- leafy vegetables /
- air suction needle type /
- precision seeding /
- simulation /
- orthogonal test

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