Abstract: The traditional pesticide application system has low utilization rate of pesticides, and the application parameters cannot be monitored and stored online. It is easy to cause farmland and environmental pollution, seriously affect the production quality of crops, and constitute the personal safety of humans and livestock. A serious threat. Aiming at the above problems, this paper designed a single-chip based drug detection system. After in-depth analysis of the functional requirements of the drug detection system, the design of the overall solution of the drug detection system was completed. The hardware selection and hardware design determined the reasonable and reliable. The functional module, at the same time, completed the software design of the application detection system, and finally tested the system application speed, pressure and flow. The test shows that the system has high detection precision, good control effect and strong human-computer interaction. It can improve the utilization rate of pesticides to a large extent and improve the quality of crop production. It has certain promotion value in other agricultural production.