Abstract: Rotary tillage is one of the most basic operations in agricultural production. The traditional rotary tillage is mainly based on manual work. The labor intensity of the workers is high, the work efficiency is low, and the quality of farming is poor. Although with the development of agricultural modernization, some rotary tillers are used in rotary tillage operations, and the operating efficiency has been improved. However, most rotary tillers use AC or battery power, which is more dependent on electrical energy. The rotary tiller cannot work normally in the event of power failure or grid failure, and the working environment of the rotary tiller has great limitations. To this end, this paper studies and analyzes solar energy technology, applies solar energy to the rotary tiller control system, analyzes the mechanical structure and working principle of the rotary tiller, and completes the design of the overall scheme of the intelligent control system of the rotary tiller based on solar energy. The hardware module in the overall scheme was designed with the circuit schematic diagram. Finally, the software design of the intelligent control system of the rotary tiller was completed, and the simulation test was carried out. The test results show that the solar energy-based rotary tiller intelligent system can convert solar energy. For the storage of electric energy, power supply in the event of power failure or grid failure, to ensure that the rotary tiller has strong working environment adaptability.