Abstract: The water requirement of peanuts varies according to different growth stages and environmental conditions. The water requirement during flowering and pod formation is more, and the soil moisture content directly affects the water supply of peanuts, thus affecting the yield and quality of peanuts. In order to timely monitor the soil moisture status of the peanuts in the field and reduce the impact of bad weather, a LoRa-based peanut soil moisture monitoring system was designed. After testing, the results show that when the terminal node is 800 m away from the gateway, the communication success rate can reach more than 94%. The system has the characteristics of long communication distance and wide monitoring area, and can be applied to outdoor large-area data acquisition and monitoring applications, and has certain practical value. At the same time, the soil moisture monitoring test was carried out. It can be seen that the soil moisture difference is obvious in different locations of the same field, and targeted irrigation and hydration should be carried out.