Abstract: Agricultural aviation electrostatic spraying technology combines the high operational efficiency advantages of aerial plant-protection and the improved deposition advantages of electrostatic spraying.It has a wide range of application prospects, but the current technology has no obvious advantage in increasing deposition on the back of the target. In this study, an indoor aerial electrostatic spraying test bench with adjustable spraying height, controllable spray time, and adjustable charging（contact） voltage was independently established, and the deposition effect of aerial electrostatic spraying on the front and back of horizontal target blades was investigated based on the above three factors. The test results show that:（1）The aerial electrostatic spraying system built in this study can achieve good deposition on the back and front of the horizontal target at the same time. Under indoor conditions, the back-front ratio（BFR） of the horizontal target’s back to the front can reach 158.8%, but the droplet size on the back of the target is smaller than the front;（2）Increasing the spraying time played a cumulative role in the number of droplets deposited, but had no significant effect on BFR;（3）Under the premise of ensuring system safety, higher charging voltage and lower spraying height can achieve higher BFR and better target back deposition effect. This study provides a reference for optimizing the parameters of aerial electrostatic spraying system and improving the effect of electrostatic spraying.