Abstract: In order to solve the problems of traditional fuel oil tractor, such as high consumption of non-renewable resources, serious environmental pollution and time-consuming and laborious manual adjustment of ballast, an electric tractor with longitudinal adjustment mechanism of battery position was designed based on the chassis of model 1 YZS150 fuel oil tractor. The electric tractor was mainly composed of electric battery, driving motor, motor controller, speed meter, emergency stop switch, BMS meter, V-belt, acceleration pedal, shift lever, chassis, longitudinal adjustment mechanism of battery position, charging/DC-DC all-in-one machine, etc. In this paper, the key components such as driving motor, battery and battery position longitudinal adjusting mechanism were designed, prototype was manufactured and performance test was carried out. The test results showed that the maximum driving speed of the electric tractor was 21.3 km/h. Through the longitudinal adjustment of the battery position, the traction force could be increased by 13.2%, and the maximum traction force was 4020 N. The maximum ploughing resistance that could be overcome is 3557 N, and the function and performance met the design requirements, providing theoretical basis and technical support for the design and development of electric tractors.