Abstract: China is one of the major agricultural countries in the world, which have abundant crop straw resources. But the types, quantities, and changes of major crop straw resources have been unclear for a long time.Based on sorting out the literature about the measurement and utilization of straw resources in the past, this article combined with the output data of five major food crops such as rice, corn, wheat, beans and potato from 2013 to 2019 in China, scientifically determine the Residue to Product Ratio（RPR）, and use the grass-to-valley ratio method to measure the straw resources of major food crops, in order to provides reference and decision support for the development of comprehensive straw utilization policies and plans in China.At the same time, this article points out the problems existing in the comprehensive utilization of straw in my country and puts forward corresponding solutions.