Abstract: According to rice transplanting and design requirements, design the rice transplanter hydraulic control system, which mainly includes hydraulic chassis drive system and hydraulic steering system. The driving system adopts a single pump and four motors, the anti-skid valve group prevents the parallel hydraulic motors from slipping, and the hydraulic steering system adopts a one-way stable steering valve. The parameters of the key components of the hydraulic system are calculated according to the operating requirements. In AMESim, the designed hydraulic drive system and steering system were simulated, and the pressure, flow and torque parameters in the rice transplanter were simulated to verify the feasibility and reliability of the hydraulic system of the rice transplanter. Field experiments were carried out. Measure the driving resistance and average slip rate of rice transplanter when working in the field. The research results show that the machine runs stably and flexibly in paddy fields. The hydraulic chassis design proposed in this research can be extended to other types of agricultural machinery. The application of the system in agricultural machinery engineering has important guiding significance.