Abstract: The filling performance of the seed metering device during operation of the potato planter is an important factor affecting the quality of its operation. In order to reduce the missed seed rate and replay rate of the spoon-type potato planter metering device, this paper is based on the discrete element method theory, taking the mini potato as the research object, using three-dimensional modeling software and EDEM simulation software to establish seed metering The discrete element model of the microtuber and the microtuber, the simulation analysis of the movement state of the seed potato in the seed box during the working process of the scoop-type seed meter, and the virtual simulation single factor test. The simulation analysis results show that the height of the seed layer in the seed filling area is a key factor affecting the seed filling performance of the seed metering device. On this basis, in order to ensure that the seed layer in the seed filling area always maintains the height that is most conducive to the filling of the seed spoon, a seed layer limiting device is designed in combination with the structural parameters of the seed box. In order to find the best combination of working parameters, a three-factor five-level two-rotation orthogonal combination test method is adopted, and the length of the seed layer limit device baffle, the inclination angle of the seed layer limit device baffle and the rotation speed of the driving wheel are used as the test factors. The empty seed rate and the heavy seed rate are test indicators, and the performance of the seed metering device is tested on a bench. The test results show that the potato metering device equipped with the seed layer limiting device has the best operating performance when the limiting device baffle length is 125 mm, the limiting device baffle inclination angle is 57°, and the driving wheel speed is 48 r/min. At this time, the missed broadcast rate was 3.29%, and the replay rate was 5.37%. By comparing the test results, it can be seen that the seed metering performance of the seed metering device is significantly improved after the seed layer limit device is installed.