Abstract: In order to further improve the working efficiency of agricultural tractors in China based on CFD fluid kinematics technology, the problem that how to optimize its hydraulic system was studied. The mathematical model of pipeline system optimization was established on the basis of defining the CFD core calculation theory and solving process, combined with the operation characteristics of the hydraulic system, and then through the simulation and matching, the appropriate pipe diameter size and pipeline direction were determined, and the quick response control module was added to form the agricultural tractor hydraulic system with software and hardware integration. The performance verification test of the tractor was carried out, and the results showed that the proportion of pressure loss of hydraulic control system was reduced by 5.24%, the compactness of pipeline structure was improved, the working efficiency of the system was increased to more than 90%, and the overall efficiency of tractor was increased by 8.59% after optimization. The optimization scheme and effect could meet the requirements of tractor performance, which would be good inspiration for the design and innovation of the similar agricultural machinery equipment.