玉米收割机智能控制系统的设计与试验研究
Design and Experimental Research on Intelligent Control System of Corn Harvester
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摘要: 我国玉米种植面积广,玉米联合收割机是玉米全程机械化生产的重要部分,收割时虽机械化程度较高,但智能化程度低、人力投入大。针对以上问题,对传统收获机的基本结构进行了智能化控制系统设置,并对玉米收割装置、传感器进行了设计和选择,结合PLC控制原理和传感器输出信号处理,对电动装置和收割机行走液压系统的液压元件进行控制,提高了玉米收割机智能化程度。以玉米收割机作业为基本条件,对智能控制系统进行可行性测试,结果表明:各工作部件响应速度较快,超调量和稳态误差较小,所建立的控制策略,无论在何种负荷条件下,都能对玉米收获机的各项工作参数进行优化。试验获得了1.676%和1.386%的玉米采摘损失率,满足了玉米收获的要求。研究结果可为玉米联合收割机的研究与进一步发展提供理论基础。Abstract: My country’s corn planting area is wide, and the corn combine harvester is an important part of the whole mechanized production of corn. However, the current corn harvesting has a high degree of mechanization, but the degree of intelligence is low, and the investment in manpower is large. In response to the above problems, this research has intelligently controlled the basic structure of the harvester on the basis of the traditional corn harvester. Based on the transmission mode and working principle of each mechanism, the electric device and sensor of the corn harvester have been designed and selected. Combined with PLC control principle and sensor output signal processing, to control the electric device and the hydraulic components of the harvester’s walking hydraulic system to realize the intelligent control of the corn harvester. Taking the corn harvester operation as the basic condition,the feasibility test of the intelligent control system is carried out. The test results of the test system show that the response speed of each working part is faster, and the overshoot and steady-state error of each working part are small. The established control strategy can optimize various working parameters of the corn harvester no matter what the load condition. The test obtained 1. 676% and 1. 386% corn picking loss rate,which met the requirements of corn harvest. The research results provide theoretical basis and technical support for the research of corn combine harvester.