Abstract: It firstly introduces the working principle of K-means clustering algorithm,studies the target object fast recognition based on image processing and K-means clustering algorithm, and realizes a set of automatic picking target image fast recognition algorithm. The system can accurately realize the fast and accurate recognition of apple,and can also expand the recognition of other fruits in the future. The experimental results show that when the manipulator of the picking robot moves at a high speed, it can accurately and quickly recognize the target object, which proves that the fast recognition algorithm of automatic picking target image has excellent performance, high effectiveness and feasibility.