Abstract: In view of the lack of basic parameters in different parts of ratoon sugarcane during harvest, the inability to establish high-precision sugarcane simulation model, and the lack of basis for the optimal design of sugarcane harvest cutting and sugarcane bag crushing parts, this paper takes the sugarcane of Guitang 55, a representative variety in Guangxi, as the research object, using physical test, Duncan multiple comparison method and significance analysis method, The basic parameters of different parts of perennial sugarcane at harvest were studied, and the significance of the difference was analyzed.The results show that:（1）there are significant differences in the length of stem nodes and internodes in different parts, the length difference between the top and bottom is large, and gradually decreases from top to bottom. There were some differences in the diameter of internode and stem node, but it was not significant.The diameter, number, length and growth angle of fibrous roots are significantly different in the three parts of fibrous roots.With the increase of fibrous root growth depth, the more fibrous roots grow in the vertical direction, the more their density increases.（2）The variation range of radial compressive strength, axial compressive strength, radial compressive elastic modulus and axial compressive elastic modulus of stem nodes at each part is 2.135-3.706 MPa, 6.735-8.988 MPa, 218.88-288.26 MPa and 1257.1-1946.5 MPa, and the variation range of radial compressive strength, axial compressive strength, radial compressive elastic modulus and axial compressive elastic modulus of internodes is 1.4379-2.1031 MPa, 6.135-6.889 MPa, 148.238-219.794 MPa, 886.815-1194.61 MPa.The average bending strength and elastic modulus of sugarcane stalk were 15.9 and 200.055 MPa.The variation ranges of tensile strength, elastic modulus and shear strength of fibrous roots in different layers are 24.95-28.213 MPa, 527.43-530.89 MPa and 16.574-23.037 MPa.（3）In order to improve the simulation accuracy, during the modeling, the stem nodes and internodes of the stem and bagasse are separated and the fibrous roots are layered for modeling.When designing sugarcane harvesting and crushing machinery, it is necessary to consider the differences of mechanical properties of different parts. The radial compression failure mode is given priority, and the earth cutting and bagbag crushing parts are optimized, and can reduce component wear, damage and operation power consumption.