Abstract: In order to further improve the comprehensive operation efficiency of fertilizer planters in China, based on the current operation control level of the whole machine, an exploratory application research was carried out on the hydraulic control direction of its traction system.Based on the traction control principle of wheat intelligent fertilizer planter, combined with the sensing regulation technology and control method of steering and position, the system hydraulic control model was established, then matched with the reasonable hardware layout and the software program execution, the operation test of the fertilizer planter based on the hydraulic control design of traction system was carried.The results showed that after the optimal design, the hydraulic control accuracy of traction system of the fertilizer planter could reach more than 95%.The operation efficiency of the synchronization of fertilization and sowing of wheat crops had been significantly improved.The qualified rate of sowing depth and the uniformity of fertilizer discharge had been increased by 6.15% and 7.84% respectively.The operation test of the whole machine run well, and the utilization rate of seed and fertilizer had been improved, which would be practical enlightening the significance for the rational innovation of agricultural machinery planting and cultivation equipment.