Abstract: Aiming at the problems of low single-grain rate and high breakage rate of the current cotton precision hole seeding metering device, combined with the agronomic requirements of cotton precision seeding, a socket type cotton precision hole seeding metering device is optimized and designed.The structure and working principle of the device are systematically introduced, and the speed of the seed metering device, the vibration declination angle of the seed picking wheel and the number of teeth of the tooth plate are determined as the key parameters affecting its performance, and the single-grain rate and the breakage rate are set as target values.The factors affecting the single-grain rate α and the breakage rate β are processed and optimized by mathematical software, and the order of the significant factors affecting the single-grain rate α was obtained: the vibration angle of the seed wheel X₂ ＞ the number of teeth of the tooth plate X₃ ＞ the seed metering device the order of the significant factors of the rotational speed X₁ and the damage rate β was the rotational speed of the seed metering device X₁ ＞ the number of teeth of the tooth plate X₃ ＞ the vibration declination angle of the seed wheel X₂. The results of optimization analysis and experimental verification show that: when the speed X₁ of the seed metering device was 15 r/min, the vibration angle X₂ of the seed picking wheel was 9.5°,and the number of teeth X₃ of the tooth plate was 8, the single-grain rate α was 92.49%,the breakage rate β was 0.18%, and the relative errors between the test value and the optimization result were 0.68% and 5.88%, both less than 10%, which met the requirements of cotton precision seeding operation.