Abstract: Tractor is one of the important agricultural machinery in agricultural production, is one of the agricultural machinery to ensure the smooth progress of agricultural production operations, and other agricultural machinery cooperation to complete the field operations. At present, tractor field work trajectory and route travel control mainly rely on the driver to control and manage, agricultural production efficiency is low, consume a lot of human and material resources. In response to the above problems, this study proposes an intelligent control system of agricultural unmanned tractor tillage trajectory based on machine vision, systematically elaborates on the system hardware selection and software design, processes the tractor tillage environment image, and finally adopts adaptive path tracking algorithm to realize adaptive tracking of agricultural unmanned tractor tillage trajectory so as to realize trajectory control. The field test results show that the system designed in this study can accurately track and control the tillage trajectory of agricultural unmanned tractor and improve the tractor operation efficiency and control accuracy.