Abstract: Taking the operation process trajectory and walking path of the transplanter as the research object, this paper establishes the kinematics model of the operation process of the transplanter, and designs an intelligent control system of the transplanter by using the control strategy of the combination of sliding mode control theory and neural network. The simulation results show that the selected control strategy can effectively suppress the lateral deviation and heading deviation in the operation process of the transplanter. The field test results show that the mean value of the lateral deviation and heading deviation in the operation process of the transplanter is 0.03m and 1.5 °. The intelligent control system of the transplanter meets the requirements of transplanting straightness in agronomic conditions.