Abstract: With the goal of further improving the intelligence and quality of the garlic planting, selected big data processing and application technology to design and research the control system of the garlic planting process. Considering the basic characteristics of garlic sprouts and planting soil conditions, and combining the garlic cultivation conditions under different planting control, based on the big data architecture platform composition, the data processing model for intelligent quality garlic control was built, the software control module for big data application was designed and arranged, and the corresponding system hardware structure was configured. Focusing on the control of the sprout orientation, and the quality operation test was carried out, the results showed that the intelligent control system design of garlic quality based on big data technology could well use data calculation and processing algorithms to accurately monitor the data in the process of garlic planting movement, and meet requirements of the correct rate of the sprout orientation adjustment through timely control measures. The qualified rate of single seed could reach 95.40%, the leakage rate of the garlic sprout could be reduced to 3.15%, and the planting efficiency could be improved by 6.37%, which would be promoting the yield of garlic sprouts and finished products, and have a good significance for research and promotion.