Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to optimize the design of herbal transplanting machine through response surface analysis to improve the efficiency and quality of herbal planting. Firstly, three factors of transplanting speed, transplanting depth and transplanting instrument inclination angle were selected as design variables, and transplanting success rate and transplanting damage rate were selected as evaluation indexes. On this basis, a control system using a combination of multiple sensors was designed and controlled by fuzzy control algorithm. The data obtained from the experiment were analyzed by response surface analysis, and the optimal design scheme was derived. The results show that the optimal transplanting speed is 0.2 m/s, the optimal transplanting depth is 15 cm, and the optimal transplanting instrument inclination angle is 25°. Through the optimal design in this paper, the transplanting success rate of the herbal transplanting machine was increased by 11.8%, and the transplanting damage rate was reduced by 9.6%, which achieved better results.