Abstract: In recent years, upgrading the performance of diesel engines has become an important task for manufacturing enterprises, especially with the support of electronic control technology. The working logic and variable control of diesel engines have been effectively improved, and the integration of electronic control technology and diesel engine technology has become an important factor affecting the market competitiveness of diesel engine products. Based on the practical application of diesel engine electronic control system, the main functions and software and hardware features of the electronic control system were analyzed, and optimization suggestions for control logic were proposed.