Abstract: Straw crushing technology refers to the mechanical crushing of straw, rice straw and other plant stalks remaining in the farmland or after crop cultivation, which can help to improve soil quality by effectively treating straw wastes in the farmland while the organic matter and nutrients of straw provide nutrients for the soil. This paper analyzes the effects of straw crushing on the soil environment, including the positive effects of improving soil structure, increasing soil organic matter and improving soil water and fertilizer retention capacity. At the same time, it discusses the possible negative impacts of straw crushing technology, such as the impacts on soil microorganisms and biodiversity, etc. It describes the mechanism of straw crushing’s role in providing nutrients, improving soil temperature, and alleviating soil compaction in crop growth, etc. It also summarizes the significance of and development trend of straw crushing technology in improving the quality of the soil environment and promoting the growth of crops by combining with practical cases and research results. The research is intended to be of great significance to agricultural production.