Abstract: As an important part of renewable energy, biomass energy shows strategic importance in the substitution and supplementation of energy and protection of environment. Biomass pyrolysis oil is the liquid product obtained by biomass pyrolysis and has the advantages of high energy density, environmental friendliness, renewable utilization and convenient transportation, making it possible for replacing fossil fuels and solving energy shortage and environmental pollution. The development and utilization of biomass pyrolysis oil technology has become one of the most important topics of sustainable energy research in this century. In this study, the main research of biomass pyrolysis oil production in recent years were reviewed, focusing on the improvement of pyrolysis reactor, catalytic pyrolysis and the upgrading of bio-oil. Three kinds of biomass pyrolysis catalysts including alkali metal, oxide and molecular sieve were introduced and five kinds of biomass upgrading methods including emulsification,catalytic hydrogenation,catalytic cracking,catalytic esterification and reforming hydrogen production were presented.The current status and development trend of biomass pyrolysis technology were summarized.