Abstract: To analyze regional differences and obstacle factors of grain production capacity in Shandong Province, which is conducive to ensuring grain security and improving grain production capacity．12 indexes were selected from four aspects of production condition level, output level, agricultural mechanization level and agricultural material input level to build Shandong Province grain production capacity index system．Based on statistical data of Shandong Province from 2011 to 2021, entropy method, Gini coefficient and obstacle degree model were used to analyze development status of grain production capacity and difference of development level among different cities in Shandong Province, and explore obstacle factors affecting development of grain production capacity in Shandong Province．Results showed that, from 2011 to 2021, comprehensive score of grain production capacity level in Shandong Province increased from 0.0751 to 0.1138．In terms of regional differences, regional differences in southern Shandong were smaller than those in eastern Shandong, central Shandong and northern Shandong．From analysis of obstacle degree, obstacle degree of agricultural mechanization level decreased year by year, and obstacle degree of agricultural means of production input level increased year by year．Main obstacle factors restricting grain production capacity were different in different regions．To this end, improving seed quality, scientifically formulating grain production plans, strengthening agricultural infrastructure construction, ensuring effective irrigation area in agriculture, accelerating agricultural technological innovation, and encouraging use of science and technology to increase crop yields, could effectively enhance grain production capacity．