Abstract: Straw carbonization to prepare biomass charcoal is one of important roles for resource utilization．Current biomass charcoal preparation still has problems such as high energy consumption, single performance, and inability to fully utilize straw biomass resources．Partially carbonized novel straw biomass charcoal was obtained by four stages including straw crushing, wall breaking, puffing, and carbonization．After systematically comparing and analyzing on micromorphology, structure, nutrient elements and trace element contents of samples in each treatment stage, and optimized temperature and time in carbonization stage, optimal preparation strategy was obtained as straw crushing, wall breaking, puffing, and carbonization（300 °C, 10 min）．Newly obtained straw biomass charcoal not only retained original organic matter in straw, but also presented adsorption properties of biomass charcoal, which could improve soil fertility after returning to field, maintain soil moisture through abundant voids, passivate heavy metals, and promote soil microbial growth, to improve soil quality in multiple dimensions and provide a novel efficient and environmentally friendly approach for straw resource utilization．