Abstract: Based on data of agricultural machinery trade between China and the United States from 1996 to 2023, an in-depth analysis was conducted on competitive and complementary characteristics of agricultural machinery trade between China and the United States, revealing dynamic evolution trend of trade structure in subdivision field of agricultural machinery between China and the United States．Results showed that China's import dependence on the United States has steadily declined, with variety of imported machinery becoming increasingly concentrated．Concurrently, agricultural machinery products from both countries display differentiated competitive advantages and a high degree of trade complementarity in international market．In particular, China held a comparative advantage in small to medium sized equipment, such as field management machinery and post-harvest processing machinery, whereas the United States exhibited a pronounced advantage in large-scale high-end products, including harvesting machinery and power-driven equipment．Moreover, overall complementarity of China-U.S. agricultural machinery trade was especially evident when China functioned as exporting party．Based on these findings, policy recommendations was proposed that included establishing an open trade framework grounded in comparative advantages, developing large-scale high-end intelligent agricultural machinery, and promoting trade diversification．