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大棚蔬菜生产栽植机械化技术试验示范

Experiment and Demonstration of Planting Mechanization Technology for Greenhouse Vegetable Production

  • 摘要: 北京市郊区大棚蔬菜生产过程中,缺乏相应的机械化技术。土壤耕整地、起垄、铺膜和移栽等生产环节主要靠手工操作,劳动力投入数量多、生产效率低,严重制约了大棚蔬菜种植业的快速发展。通过试验示范设施深耕技术、起垄技术和铺膜移栽技术,可达到减少劳动力、减轻劳动强度、节约成本和实现机械化的目的。在北京市顺义区、大兴区、昌平区及延庆县设施标准园中,建立多个大棚蔬菜生产栽植机械化作业示范园区,完成200栋大棚两段改造,机械化示范作业33.33 hm2(500亩)。技术培训5次,培训农民500人次。综合应用上述技术,直接成本可降低7 733.13元/hm2,年累计节支26万元。

     

    Abstract: Corresponding mechanization technology of greenhouse vegetables production process is insufficient in Beijing suburbs.Production process,such as soil tillage and preparation,ridging,membrane and transplant,mainly rely on manual operation.Labor input is quantity,and production efficiency is low.Rapid development of greenhouse vegetables planting industry is restricted.Through the experiment and demonstration of facility deep tillage technology,ridging and membrane transplanting technology,purpose of reducing labor,reducing labor intensity,saving costs and achieving mechanization could be reached.In facilities standard garden of Shunyi district,Daxing district,Changping district,and Yanqing county of Beijing,multiple demonstration gardens for greenhouse vegetables planting mechanization production were established.200 building greenhouses transformation were finished.Mechanized demonstration operation area was 33.33 hm2.Number of technical training and training farmers were 5 and 500.Integrated application of these technologies,direct costs could be reduced 7 733.13 yuan/hm2,accumulated savings RMB 260 000 per year.

     

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