Abstract: Microbiological inspection and testing in food is an important index to measure quality of food safety.Main factors affecting accuracy of food microbiological inspection and testing were discussed，such as personnel，equipment，environment，samples，culture medium，standard strains and inspection and testing methods，etc.，in order to ensure quality of such inspection and testing work through effective control of relevant factors，so the new thought for protection of public health，avoiding social and economic losses and improving quality of food safety in China was provided.