西南山区村域贫困家庭劳动力转移强度空间格局及影响因素

何田; 廖和平; 孙平军; 刘愿理; 王刚; 青丽波

doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.05.038

西南山区村域贫困家庭劳动力转移强度空间格局及影响因素

1.
西南大学地理科学学院，重庆 400715
2.
西南大学精准扶贫与区域发展研究中心，重庆 400715
3.
四川省绵阳中学，绵阳 621000

基金项目: 重庆市社会科学规划博士项目（2018BS86）；重庆市教委科学技术研究项目（KJQN201900834）；国家自然科学基金项目（41701611）；西南大学引进人才项目（SWU019020）。

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-12-26
- 修回日期: 2020-02-03
- 发布日期: 2020-02-29

Spatial pattern and influencing factors of labor transfer intensity of rural poverty-stricken families in southwest mountainous areas of China

1.
School of Geographical Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
2.
Southwest University Center for Targeted Poverty Alleviation and Regional Development Assessment, Chongqing 400715, China
3.
Mian Yang High School, Mianyang 621000, China

摘要

摘要: 贫困山区劳动力转移就业是提高家庭收入和实现脱贫的重要途径，但也造成了农村人才资源流失、社会经济建设缓慢甚至衰退等问题。科学揭示贫困家庭劳动力转移强度空间分异机制，对实施精准扶贫和乡村振兴战略具有重要的现实意义。该文以重庆长寿区为案例区，运用综合评价法对村域贫困家庭劳动力转移强度进行测度，并结合地理探测器、OLS模型等方法，探测出劳动力转移强度地域分异的主导因素，揭示空间分异机制，从而探究乡村发展策略。结果表明：村域贫困家庭劳动力转移强度空间分布具有明显的地域差异性，表现出“两高一低”的空间分布特征，西部明月山区和东南黄草山区高，西南-中部低丘区低，整体呈现北部高，南部低的趋势；影响劳动力转移强度空间分异的主导因素是人口老龄化、人均耕地资源、地面坡度、劳动技能培训，各因素对劳动转移强度分异决定力值分别为0.410、0.396、0.363、0.301；劳动力转移强度是多种因素相互作用的结果，且任何2个因素的交互作用大于单个因素的作用；基于村域贫困家庭劳动力转移分异机制，不同强度区域应因地制宜，从空间、经济、社会等方面制定不同的发展策略，为有序推进精准扶贫实现稳定脱贫和乡村振兴战略提供科学参考。
- 乡村 /
- 贫困家庭 /
- 劳动力转移 /
- 地理探测器 /
- 西南山区 /
- 重庆长寿区
Abstract: Labor transfer is regarded as an crucial way to increase family income and ameliorate poverty for poverty-stricken families in mountainous areas in the southwest China. The negative consequence is that it causes labor loss, slowing or damaging local social-economic development. It is hence important to implement national strategies to alleviate poverty while in the meantime revitalizing local economy, in which understanding spatial pattern of the migration workers and the underlying factors plays a key role. Taking Changshou District at Chongqing as an example, this paper surveyed and analyzed migrating labors from poverty-stricken families in the villages using a comprehensive evaluation method. Using the geographic detecting model and the OLS regression model, we diagnosed the main factors underpinning the difference in labor transfer between the villages in these areas. The main results were: 1) There was a regional difference in labor transfer from poverty-stricken families between the villages, characterized by "two-highs and one-low", with the "two-highs" representing Mingyue Mountainous Area in the West and Huangcao Mountainous area in the Southeast and the "one-low" representing the southwest-central low hilly area. 2) The main factors underlying the difference in labor transfer from the poverty-stricken families between the villages were age, cultivable land per capita, land slope and labor training, and the distribution of the decisive power of these four factors was 0.410, 0.396, 0.363 and 0.301, respectively. 3) Labor transfer was a result of the interaction of multiple factors, and the interaction of any pair of factors was greater than that of any single factor. 4) Based on the factors underlying the difference in labor transfer from poverty-stricken families between the villages, we recommend that each village should take strategies based on its location, economy and society to orderly implement poverty-alleviation strategies and revitalize local economy so as to reduce labor transfer.
- rural areas /
- poverty-stricken families /
- labor transfer /
- geodetector /
- southwest mountainous areas /
- Changshou Districts of Chongqing

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