简易式工厂化循环水对虾养殖系统构建及试验

朱林; 车轩; 刘兴国; 程果锋; 陈军; 刘晃; 陈晓龙

doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.15.026

简易式工厂化循环水对虾养殖系统构建及试验

朱林^1,2,
车轩^1,2,
刘兴国^1,2,
程果锋^1,2,
陈军^1,2,
刘晃^1,2,
陈晓龙^1,2

1.
中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所，上海 200092
2.
农业部渔业装备与工程技术重点试验室，上海 200092

基金项目: 现代农业产业技术体系专项资金-虾蟹体系（CARS-48）；上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目"构建池塘养殖小区绿色生产技术及模式研究（沪农科创字（2018）第2-12号）"；农业农村部农业国际合作交流项目"'一带一路'热带国家水产养殖科技创新合作"

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-04-14
- 修回日期: 2020-05-30
- 发布日期: 2020-07-31

Construction and experiment of simple industrial recirculating water shrimp culture system

Zhu Lin^1,2,
Che Xuan^1,2,
Liu Xingguo^1,2,
Cheng Guofeng^1,2,
Chen Jun^1,2,
Liu Huang^1,2,
Chen Xiaolong^1,2

1.
Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Fisher Equipment and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200092, China

摘要

摘要: 为探索低换水量的对虾养殖生产方式，该研究构建了一种简易式工厂化对虾养殖系统，试验组利用自行研发的蛋白分离器和新型集污盘去除系统总悬浮颗粒物和老化微藻，对照组不设置蛋白分离器和集污盘，进行对虾养殖和水质调控试验，结果表明：试验组平均总氨氮浓度、平均亚硝氮浓度、平均TSS（Total Suspended Solids）浓度、平均副溶血弧菌数量分别为（0.4±0.16）、（0.53±0.23）、（68.33±39.72）mg/L和（140±113.83）cfu/mL，显著低于对照组（0.96±0.62）、（1.17±0.59）、（147.14±94.18）mg/L和（661.34±473.96）cfu/mL(P<0.05)；试验组成活率及单位产量分别为82.62%±5.64%和（3.44±0.85）kg/m3，显著高于对照组18.29%±4.63%和（1.09±0.23）kg/m3（P<0.05）。该研究构建的简易式循环水工厂化系统，设置蛋白分离器流量10 m3/h且不间断运行，养殖前45 d不换水、后55 d利用集污盘进行强排污保持日换水量5%的情况下能够有效调控对虾养殖水质。
- 水产养殖 /
- 水质 /
- 循环水系统 /
- 对虾 /
- 水污染控制
Abstract: China has been the largest shrimp farming country in the world. As such , shrimp culture has also made a great contribution to the increase of farmers’ income and export earnings. In recent years, the performance of intensive aquaculture system was seriously affected by a large amount of nitrogen that discharged into the aquaculture water body. Normally, a conventional solution to this problem is to drain a lot of water for water exchange in the intensive aquaculture system. In this case, most water resources can be overly consumed to waste in the aquaculture system. Alternatively, the industrial recirculating aquaculture system can be selected due to its good system closure, but the high cost of equipment input and operation have limited its large-scale application in industrial aquaculture of prawn. In this paper, a set of simple industrial shrimp culture system with circulating water was designed to develop a protein separator removal system TSS (total suspended solids) and aged microalgae, where the collection and drainage effect of culture pool were strengthened using the self-developed collection tray. An experiment related to industrial shrimp culture was carried out to control the water quality. The results showed that the average concentration of total ammonia nitrogen was (0.4±0.16) mg/L, significantly lower than the control group (0.96±0.62) mg/L, P<0.05. The average concentration of dissolved oxygen in the control group was (5.39±1.15) mg/L, dramatically lower than that in the test group (6.18±0.68) mg/L, P<0.05. The average concentration of nitrous oxide in the control group was (1.17±0.59) mg/L, significantly higher than that in the test group (P<0.05). The average concentration of TSS in the test group was (68.33±39.72) mg/L, lower than that in the control group (147.14±94.18) mg/L, P<0.05. The average number of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the experimental group was (140±113.83) CFU/mL, lower than that in the control group (661.34 ± 473.96) CFU/mL, P < 0.05. After the age of 30 days, the body weight of the test and control group were (1.05 ± 0.15) g and (0.98 ± 0.26) g, respectively, whereas, the body length was (4.95 ± 0.56) cm and (4.86 ± 0.69) cm, respectively, indicating that the difference between two groups was not correlated (P > 0.05). After the age of 60 days, the body weight of the test and control group were (5.26±0.82) g and (6.12±1.76) g, respectively, whereas, the body length was (8.17±0.92) cm and (9.12±0.81) cm, respectively, indicating that the difference between two groups was significant correlated (P < 0.05). After the age of 90 days, the body weight of the test and control group were 13.89±1.23 g and 20±1.58 g, respectively, while, the body length was (12.26±1.98) cm and (14.06±1.68) cm, respectively, indicating that the difference between two groups was significant correlated (P<0.05). In terms of survival rate, the shrimp size of the test and control group were 82.62%±5.64% and 18.29%±4.63%, respectively, with significant difference (P<0.05). The single output of the test and control group were (3.44±0.85) kg/m3 and (1.09±0.23) kg/m3, respectively, indicating a significant difference (P < 0.05). This finding can offer a promising method to accurately monitor the water quality in an intensive aquaculture system for the shrimp farming.
- aquaculture /
- water quality /
- circulating water system /
- prawn /
- water pollution control

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