Abstract: Abstract: Huaihe River Basin (HRB) is one of the most important food bases in China. The spatial-temporal variations of Rainfall Erosivity (RE) greatly dominate the local soil erosion prevention, soil resource protection, and agricultural sustainable development. In this study, the daily precipitation records were firstly collected from 40 meteorological stations in the HRB from 1960 to 2018. The RE and Rainfall Erosivity Density (RED) were then calculated using the Xie model. A Rotating Empirical Orthogonal Function (REOF) was also used to divide the HRB into different geospatial zones, according to the distribution characteristics of RE and the spatial-temporal variation of the RE. The RED was determined for each zone by linear, modified Mann-Kendall and R/S analysis. Finally, specific measures were provided for agricultural soil erosion prevention in each geospatial zone. The results show that the annual average RE and RED within the HRB were 4 264 MJ·mm/(hm2·h) and 4.63 MJ/(hm2·h), respectively, indicating the ever-increasing RE in the future. Among these 40 meteorological stations, 25 stations increased in the RE and 15 stations decreased in the RE, whereas, 29 stations increased in the RED, and 11 stations decreased in the RED. As a whole, the annual RE decreased from the southeastern to the northwestern HRB, whereas, the annual RED decreased from the northern to the southern HRB. The REOF was carried out for the spatial feature vector with a cumulative contribution rate of 74.34%, according to the RE of 40 stations in the basin. After that, the HRB was divided into 10 geospatial zones. The higher RE occurred in the Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 Zones, with an annual average value of 4 576, 5 079, 4 840, 4 635, and 4898 MJ·mm/(hm2·h), respectively. The higher RED occurred in the Nos. 1, 5, 6, and 9 Zones, with an annual average value of 4.73, 4.98, 4.73, and 4.85 MJ /(hm2·h), respectively. Zones Nos. 5 and 6 were the regions with both the highest RE and RED. The RE decreased in Zones Nos. 2, 5, and 9, but increased in other zones. By contrast, the RED decreased in Zones Nos. 2, 5, 6, and 9, but increased in other zones. The higher RE and RED were mainly concentrated during May to September, accounting for about 80%-91% of the annual value. Nevertheless, the RE and RED increased in most months in Zones Nos. 2, 3, and 4. The soil erosion prevention and control measures can be strengthened from May to September during the agricultural activities within the basin, especially in the No. 6 Zone for the effective mitigation of local soil erosion. A correlation analysis between RE and sediment yields in the HRB revealed that the sediment yields were significantly correlated with the RE (P<0.001), whereas, the sediment yield increased with the increase of RE. Therefore, there was an increasing risk of soil erosion in the regions of Tongbai County, the cities of Xinyang, Lu'an, Yancheng, Yangzhou, Zhumadian, Kaifeng, Shangqiu, Pingdingshan, and Luohe, according to the spatial and temporal variations of RE and RED. These regions should pay more attention to soil and water loss monitoring, and suitable soil and water conservation measures in advance for erosion-prone areas. These findings can guide the soil and water conservation in the different areas of the HRB for the sustainable development of agriculture.