原粮包装机凸轮撑袋机构的设计与试验

董欣; 王鹏宏; 刘立意; 左彦军; 李紫辉; 贾富国

doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2022.15.005

原粮包装机凸轮撑袋机构的设计与试验

东北农业大学工程学院，哈尔滨 150030

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51575098）；公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201002077）

计量
- 文章访问数: 214
- HTML全文浏览量: 0
- PDF下载量: 300
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-19
- 修回日期: 2022-07-24
- 发布日期: 2022-08-14

Design and experiment of the cam driven bag opening mechanism for raw grain packing machine

School of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China

摘要

摘要: 针对定量原粮包装机由不同气缸分别驱动撑袋机构与夹袋机构，导致同步难、效率低、低温环境下气动系统易结露、以及工作环境粉尘较大而引起的气动部件动作迟缓甚至失灵等问题，该研究设计了一种随夹袋机构同步运动的凸轮撑袋机构。利用一台电机驱动平面六杆机构带动凸轮撑袋机构与夹袋机构，实现撑袋、夹袋和复位的同步运动；基于几何坐标变换和矢量法建立撑袋机构的凸轮工作廓线参数方程和空间凸轮机构的压力角求解方法，确定撑袋运动规律和凸轮工作廓线；建立凸轮撑袋机构三维模型，利用ADAMS软件对凸轮撑袋机构的撑袋运动规律进行仿真分析，结果表明：撑袋运动规律理论计算与仿真分析结果基本一致，最大压力角23°小于许用压力角，满足机构工作要求；开展气缸驱动与电机驱动撑夹袋机构的对比试验，得到后者的生产率达10袋/min，验证了机构设计的合理性，研究可为北方寒区原粮包装机设计提供一种设计思路和理论分析方法。
- 设计 /
- 试验 /
- 原粮包装 /
- 凸轮机构 /
- 压力角
Abstract: Raw grain generally refers to the unprocessed cereal in agricultural production. In general, the raw grain can be packed from autumn after harvested in northern China. A bag opening mechanism has been one of the most important components in raw grain packing machines. Different cylinders can be usually utilized to drive the bag clamping and opening mechanisms. The performance of this mechanism directly dominates the quality of raw grain packaging. However, the slow action or even failure of pneumatic parts can result in the reduced synchronization and efficiency of machines, due to the condensation at low temperature and the environment of heavy dust. In this study, a bag opening mechanism driven by a cam that moved synchronously with the bag clamping mechanism was designed. The synchronous actions of bag opening, clamping, and resetting were also realized using one motor to drive the planar six-bar-linkage. A systematic investigation was then made to clarify the working requirements, structural composition, and working principle of the bag clamping and opening mechanisms. A sinusoidal acceleration motion was selected as the movement rule for the cam driven bag opening mechanism. The geometric coordinate transformation and the vector method were established for the parameter equation of the cam working profile and the pressure angle solution of the spatial cam mechanism. A single factor test was also carried out to evaluate the performance of the cam driven bag opening mechanism using the influencing factors of the pressure angle. An optimal combination was achieved, where the radius of bag opening rod was 6 mm, the angular displacement of bag opening rod was 4.5°, the swing distance of the contacting point was 120 mm, the initial positional angle of the contacting point was -180°, and the positional angle of the contacting point was -170°. A linear fitting was obtained between the angular displacement of bag opening rod and the positional angle of the contacting point. The maximum pressure angle of 23° was less than the allowable pressure angle. Finally, the specific parameters were determined for the movement of cam driven bag opening mechanism, the cam working profile, and the relational expression of the pressure angle. A 3D model was constructed for the cam driven bag opening mechanism. The motion of the cam driven bag opening mechanism was also simulated using ADAMS platform. The theoretical calculation and simulation show that the bag opening movement was basically the same, fully meeting the actual requirements of mechanism. In addition, the physical prototype was manufactured for the bag opening mechanism. A comparative test was performed on the bag clamping and opening mechanisms that driven by cylinders and motor. Consequently, the productivity of 10 bags/min was obtained on the motor-driven type, which was much higher than the cylinder-driven one. The feasibility and accuracy of the cam driven bag opening mechanism were verified to fully meet the requirements of packaging process. This finding can also provide a new idea and theoretical analysis to design the raw grain packing machine in the cold regions.
- design /
- experiments /
- raw grain packaging /
- cam mechanism /
- pressure angle

HTML全文

参考文献(31)

[1]	国家统计局. 国家统计年鉴2021[M]. 北京：中国统计出版社，2021.
[2]	张肖庆. 袜子自动化装袋技术的研究[D]. 无锡：江南大学，2014.Zhang Xiaoqing. Research on the Automatic Bagging Technology of Socks[D]. Wuxi: Jiangnan University,2014. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]	张明康. 一种果树苹果自动套袋机的设计[J]. 科技风，2016(14)：113-114.Zhang Mingkang. Design of a kind of automatic bagging machine for fruit trees and apples[J]. Technology Wind, 2016(14): 113-114. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]	徐雪萌，陈留记，王志山，等. 给袋式挂面包装机撑袋机构设计与分析[J]. 包装工程，2019，40(15)：181-188.Xu Xuemeng, Chen Liuji, Wang Zhishan, et al. Design and analysis of bag-opening mechanism of automatic bag-delivering machine for dried noodles[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2019, 40(15): 181-188. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]	陈留记. 给袋式挂面包装机关键技术研究[D]. 郑州：河南工业大学，2019.Chen Liuji. Research on Key Technology of Automatic Bag Filing and Sealing Machine for Dried Noodles[D]. Zhengzhou: Henan University of Technology, 2019. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]	马娟娟. 全自动包装机器人系统的研制[D]. 南京：南京航空航天大学，2011.Ma Juanjuan. The Research of Automatic Packing Robot System[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]	孙明迁，唐火红，骆敏舟，等. 上袋机械手设计与动态性能分析[J]. 合肥工业大学学报（自然科版），2015，38(8)：1013-1017.Sun Mingqian, Tang Huohong, Luo Minzhou, et al. Design and dynamic performance analysis of bagging mechanical hand[J]. Journal of Hefei university of technology (Natural Science Edition), 2015,38(8):1013-1017. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]	王军，周东健. 圆锥形筒子纱自动包装生产线的设计[J]. 纺织器材，2016(3)：49-52.Wang Jun, Zhou Dongjian. The design of automatic packing production line for cone cheese[J].Textile Accessories, 2016(3): 49-52. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]	辜松，张青，李恺，等. 盆花包装机开袋机构设计与试验[J]. 农业工程学报，2014，30(24)：38-46.Gu Song, Zhang Qing, Li Kai, et al. Design and experiment on opening bag mechanism of sleeving machine for potted flowers[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2014, 30(24): 38-46. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]	李东星，周增产，卜云龙，等. 盆花自动包装机的研制与试验[J]. 农业工程技术（温室园艺），2014(9)：32-34，36，38.
[11]	樊文涛. 全自动给袋式包装机结构分析与系统研究[D]. 天津：河北工业大学，2016.Fan Wentao. The Analysis of Mechanism and Research of System in Full-automatic Bag-delivering Packing Machine[D]. Tianjin: Hebei University of Technology, 2016. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]	杨传民，汪浩，刘铭宇，等. 给袋式包装机撑袋空间组合机构的运动分析[J]. 包装工程，2014，35(5)：35-40.Yang Chuanmin, Wang Hao, Liu Mingyu, et al. Kinematic analysis of spatial combined mechanism for bag opening in automatic bag packing machine[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2014, 35(5): 35-40.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]	章永华，何建慧. 谷物包装自动流水线设计[J]. 轻工机械，2016，34(5)：80-84.Zhang Yonghua, He Jianhui. Design of automatic product line for grain packing[J].Light Industry Machinery, 2016, 34(5): 80-84. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]	范孝良，刘一操. 基于真空吸盘的饮水桶自动套袋设备结构设计[J]. 包装工程，2014，35(19)：77-81.Fan Xiaoliang, Liu Yicao. Equipment structure design for automatic packing of drinking bucket based on vacuum sucker[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2014, 35(19): 77-81. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]	徐丽明，葛晓棠，张铁中. 水果果袋自动撑开机构的研究[J]. 农业工程学报，2007，23(4)：138-143.Xu Liming, Ge Xiaotang, Zhang Tiezhong. Automatic unfolding-opening mechanism of fruit bag[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2007, 23(4): 138-143. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]	管彦诏. 筒子纱智能生产物流及编织袋包装系统的研究与设计[D]. 济南：山东大学，2017.Guan Yanzhao. Research and Design of Cheeses Intelligent Production Logistics and Woven Bags Packings System[D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 2017. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]	Shibagaki Joji. Bag opening device:CN202657304U[P]. 2013-01-09.
[18]	Kondo N, Shibano Y, Mohri K, et al. Basic studies on robot to work in vineyard, 1: Manipulator and harvesting hand[J]. Journal of the Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery, 1994, 56(1): 45-53.
[19]	Henderson, Harold E. Bag-hanging and bag-filling machines adapted for synchronous and independent operation and method of using same: 4078358[P].1980-12-23.
[20]	Visser Horti System[EB/OL]. 2014-09-21[2022-03-20]. http://www.visser.eu/.
[21]	Crea-Tech International BV[EB/OL].2014-09-21[2022-03-20]. http://www.crea-tech.nl.
[22]	Gmuer, Bruno. Method for the automatic supply of bags and bag hanging apparatus, 5337541[P].1992-08-06.
[23]	Gmuer, Bruno. Apparatus for the automatic filling of bags at the discharge spout of a filling hopper, 4320615[P]. 1982-03-23.
[24]	王胜会. 水果套袋机器人的开发设计及研究[D]. 秦皇岛：燕山大学，2016.Wang Shenghui. The Development Design and Research of a Fruit Bagging Robot[D]. Qinhuangdao: Yanshan University, 2016. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]	姚学兵. 东北地区全自动粮食包装机研究[J]. 包装工程，2011，32(12)：131-133.Yao Xuebing. Research on automatic food packaging machines in northeast region[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2011, 32(12): 131-133. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]	闻邦椿. 机械设计手册（第六版）[M]. 北京：机械工业出版社，2017：11-130.
[27]	孙恒，陈作模，葛文杰. 机械原理[M]. 北京：高等教育出版社，2013：173-175.
[28]	纪永强. 微分几何[M]. 北京：高等教育出版社，2009：11-19.
[29]	胡森林，纪永强，金亚东，等. 古典微分几何[M]. 安徽：中国科学技术大学出版社，2019：26-27.
[30]	陈兵奎，梁栋，高艳娥. 齿轮传动共轭曲线原理[J]. 机械工程学报，2014，50(1)：130-136.Chen Bingkui, Liang Dong, GaoYane. Principle of conjugate curves for gear transmission[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2014, 50(1): 130-136. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]	汤腾跃．无误差的摆动从动件空间凸轮综合设计[D]. 杭州：浙江大学，2014.Tang Tengyue. An Comprehensive Error Free Design for Oscillating Follower Spatial Cam[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2014. (in Chinese with English abstract)