基于APSIM模型的低纬高原蔗区甘蔗生产潜力

张跃彬; 毛钧; 李如丹; 刀静梅; 余凌翔; 王靖

doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202210149

基于APSIM模型的低纬高原蔗区甘蔗生产潜力

张跃彬^1,2,
毛钧^2,3,
李如丹²,
刀静梅²,
余凌翔⁴,
王靖³

1.
中国农业大学农学院，北京 100193
2.
云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所，开远 661699
3.
中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京 100193
4.
云南省气候中心，昆明 650034

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（31860341），云南省科技人才与平台计划（202205AM070001）资助

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-18
- 修回日期: 2023-01-15
- 发布日期: 2023-02-14

Simulating sugarcane yield potential and yield gap in the low latitude plateau of China based on APSIM

1.
College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
2.
Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kaiyuan, 661699, China
3.
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
4.
Yunnan Climate Center, Kunming, 650034, China

摘要

摘要: 针对中国（云南）低纬高原蔗区甘蔗产业高质量发展受限于不同生态条件下的甘蔗生产潜力缺乏系统评估的问题，该研究基于低纬高原不同生态蔗区17个代表站点1981-2010年的气象资料，采用大田试验数据统计结合APSIM作物模型模拟的方法，分析了典型播期充分灌溉和雨养条件下甘蔗主栽品种的蔗茎产量和糖分差异，并对不同水平的甘蔗生产潜力进行了系统评估。结果表明，无论在灌溉模式还是雨养模式下，不同生态蔗区的甘蔗生产潜力和产量差均存在差异，特别是半湿润蔗区的灌溉模式与雨养模式之间产量差异显著（P<0.05），增产潜力大；典型春播种植模式下，湿润区的潜在产量为123.1～134.6 t/hm2，半湿润区的潜在产量为99.3～132.7 t/hm2，当前农户平均单产已达72 t/hm2，仍有25.2%～45.4%的蔗茎增产潜力，7.4%～11.1%的糖分增产潜力，以及25.5%～49.7%的蔗糖增产潜力。蔗区生态气候、播期水氮管理优化和良种推广是影响和提升甘蔗生产潜力的重要因素。在生态气候上，湿润蔗区降雨充足，灌溉模式与雨养模式之间的潜在产量差小，进行补充灌溉对蔗茎产量的增产效果不明显，还会降低蔗茎糖分，适合采用雨养模式为主，注重高产稳产的种植策略；半湿润蔗区降雨不足，灌溉模式与雨养模式之间的潜在产量差大，灌溉模式较雨养模式增产增糖效果明显，适合采用节水灌溉为主，注重高糖高效的种植策略。在播期和水氮优化上，春植蔗生育期长度适中（360 d），水氮需求适中（施氮120 kg/hm2，湿润区灌水656 mm，半湿润区灌水970 mm），远低于秋植蔗的生育期时间（480 d）和水氮需求（施氮240 kg/hm2，湿润区灌水964 mm，半湿润区灌水1 342 mm），但仍可获得较高的产量（120～133 t/hm2），因此，以春植蔗为主的播期和水氮优化种植模式在低纬高原蔗区被广泛接受，是促进甘蔗产业提质增效的有效措施。在良种推广上，云蔗05-51产量表现突出，在湿润蔗区和半湿润蔗区均可作为主推品种；桂柳05-136糖分表现突出，可作为湿润蔗区的主推品种。研究结果为低纬高原蔗区甘蔗产业可持续发展特别是节水抗旱栽培提供依据。
- 作物 /
- 模型 /
- 灌溉 /
- 气候 /
- 产量 /
- 蔗糖分
Abstract: Sugarcane is one of the major sugar crops in the dominant sugarcane areas of Yunnan Province of China, located in the traditional low latitude plateau with the most abundant ecological regions for sugarcane growing. In this study, the cane yield potential and yield gap matters were analyzed to greatly promote cane production on large scale. The meteorological data was collected from 1981 to 2010 across 17 locations under varying ecotypes, and then combined with data obtained from the field experiments and APSIM (Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator) modeling. The simulation was performed on the cane yield and sugar content of dominant sugarcane cultivars under full irrigation and nature rain-fed conditions in different ecotypes regions. The results indicated that there were significant differences in the low-latitude plateau, while the large interannual varied greatly from the different levels of the cane yield potential and yield gaps. Furthermore, the yield potential was 123.1-134.6 t/hm2 under the typical spring planting conditions, if as humid region, or 99.3-132.7 t/hm2 if as a semi-humid region. Although the actual cane yield reached 72 t/hm2, there were still 25.2% to 45.4% cane yield potential, 7.4% to 11.1% sugar content yield potential, and 25.5% to 49.7% sucrose yield potential were expected in the low latitude plateau. Three key elements were selected to enhance the yield potential of sugarcane, including the suitable ecological climate, the optimization of sowing date, water, and nitrogen management, as well as the promotion and planting of excellent sugarcane varieties. The humid region presented sufficient precipitation, indicating the small gap of cane yield potential between irrigation and rainfed condition in terms of ecological climate. By contrast, there was no significant between the irrigation and rainfed cane yield, leading to a decrease in the sugar content. Therefore, the natural rainfed was suitable as the main sugarcane planting strategy in a humid region, particularly on the higher and stabler cane yield. There was a significant yield increase by irrigation in the semi-humid region with insufficient precipitation, due to the larger irrigation-rainfed yield gap. It was more suitable for water-saving irrigation as the main sugarcane planting strategy, focusing on the higher sugar content and water-nitrogen use efficiency. In terms of sowing season and water-nitrogen management optimization, the spring cane presented moderate growing days (360 d), moderate water-nitrogen demand (N-fertilization 120 kg/hm2, irrigation 656 mm in humid regions, and 970 mm in semi-humid region), which was far lower than that of the autumn cane demand (growing 480 d, N-fertilization 240 kg/hm2, irrigation 964 mm in the humid region and 1 342 mm in the semi-humid region), meanwhile the spring cane still remained the relatively high cane yield (122-133 t/hm2). The spring cane dominated the planting mode and combined with the optimization of the sowing-date. The water-nitrogen management was widely accepted as effective cultivation to improve the sugarcane yield and water-nitrogen use efficiency in the low latitude plateau. In the promotion of excellent cultivars, the YZ0551 was recommended as the main cultivar in both humid and semi-humid regions for outstanding cane yield performance. GL05136 was also recommended as the main cultivar in the humid region for its outstanding sugar content performance. The finding can provide a basis for the sustainable development of the sugarcane industry in the low-latitude plateau cane area, especially water-saving and drought-resistant cultivation.
- crop /
- model /
- irrigation /
- climate /
- yield /
- sugar content

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