Abstract: With the gradual development of large-scale and intensive animal husbandry in China, a large number of concentrated discharge of livestock and poultry manure has posed a serious threat to the environment, and the rational disposal of the waste can effectively avoid environmental pollution. As the traditional disposal methods, aerobic composting and anaerobic fermentation have their own limitations. As a more reasonable technical route, hydrothermal treatment technology has attracted more and more attention because it is beneficial to the high-value and harmless utilization of livestock and poultry manure. Based on the above background, the swine manure with the largest yield was selected as raw material, and the hydrothermal residue was prepared by 180～260 ℃ hydrothermal treatment (the residence time is 0 min) with the solid-liquid ratio at 1:12 (in dry basis). The effects of the hydrothermal treatment on the moisture content, hydrothermal residue yield, fuel characteristics and combustion performance of the hydrothermal residue were studied by means of elemental analysis, industrial analysis and thermogravimetric experiment. Based on the experimental results, the hydrothermal treatment system was simulated by Aspen plus software and the influence of hydrothermal temperature on the steam supply and demand of the system is explored. The results show that the hydrothermal treatment can improve the dehydration performance of the hydrothermal residues. The moisture content of the wet hydrothermal residue decreases gradually with the increasing hydrothermal temperature. Hydrothermal treatment improves the quality of the residue as fuel. Compared with the raw materials, the carbon content of the residue after hydrothermal treatment can be increased by 4.6% to 8.0%, the fixed carbon content increases by 21.9% to 79.4%, the low calorific value increases by 5.2% to 19.6%, and fuel ratio increases by 27.3% to 172.7%. Hydrothermal treatment reduces the hydrogen-carbon ratio and oxygen-carbon ratio of the raw material, which deepens the carbonization degree of the raw material, and the fuel performance of the residue is similar to that of lignite. The hydrothermal treatment increases the ignition temperature of the residue and reduces the combustion temperature range, which is beneficial to the application of the hydrothermal residue as fuel. In the hydrothermal treatment system, part of the flash steam produced by the pressure relief of the swine manure after hydrothermal treatment was used for the drying of wet hydrothermal residue, and the rest was used for the raw swine manure preheating in the early stage to increase the temperature of the raw swine manure and reduce the moisture content of the wet hydrothermal residue into the furnace. The output steam of the swine manure hydrothermal treatment system at 230 ℃ is the largest. Therefore, the energy consumption of swine manure hydrothermal treatment system at 230 ℃ was analyzed. The hydrothermal treatment system for 12500 kg swine manure was designed under 230 ℃. The energy generated by the system can not only meet the consumption of the hydrothermal process, but also supply 833.49 MJ for external heating.