高级检索+

紫苏叶中药渣与杏鲍菇菌渣混合堆肥发酵特性及细菌群落分析

Analysis of fermentation characteristics and bacterial community in mixed composting of Perilla frutescens leaf herbal residues and Pleurotus eryngii mushroom substrates

  • 摘要: 为探究紫苏叶中药渣与杏鲍菇菌渣混合堆肥的发酵特性及细菌群落变化,该研究将二者混合建堆,进行 80 d 自然发酵。期间测量堆肥过程的相关参数与理化性质,并借助 16S rRNA 测序分析细菌群落变化。研究结果如下:1) 发酵过程可划分为升温、高温、降温、腐熟四个阶段。各阶段中,温度、湿度、pH 值、电导率呈规律性变化,物料物理性质、养分及发芽指数也相应改变。2) 细菌群落结构演变,多样性显著增加。升温期,厚壁菌门占主导;高温期,变形菌门占比显著上升;降温期,厚壁菌门与热袍菌门占优势;腐熟期,放线菌门、厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门成为主要优势菌群。3) 不同优势菌属与水含量、电导率和 pH 值存在特定相关性。这表明混合堆肥过程中,相关参数和理化性质呈阶段性特征,细菌群落丰度增加且分布更均匀,优势菌群与堆肥环境存在紧密相互作用关系。基于此,可在不同阶段为优势菌群创造适宜条件,以提升堆肥质量,对堆肥实践具有指导意义。

     

    Abstract: To investigate the fermentation characteristics and bacterial community dynamics during co-composting of Perilla leaf herbal residue and Pleurotus eryngii mushroom residue, this study established composting piles with a mass ratio of 10:1 (herbal residue:mushroom residue), adjusted the C/N ratio to 25:1 by adding cattle manure, and conducted an 80-day natural fermentation experiment. Dynamic changes in temperature, moisture, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), physical properties (bulk density, total porosity, aeration porosity, water-holding porosity), nutrient content (organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, humus), and seed germination index (GI) were monitored. Bacterial community succession was analyzed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed: 1) The composting process included four phases: heating-up period (1–4 d), high-temperature period (5–41 d), cooling-down period (42–60 d), and maturation period (61–80 d). During the maturation period, temperature stabilized at ambient levels, pH increased to 8.1–8.3, EC fluctuated between 4.8 and 5.3 mS/cm, and GI recovered to 93.5% (initial: 62.3%; high-temperature phase: 52.1%). Bulk density increased from 0.26 to 0.34 g/cm3, water-holding porosity rose from 40.1% to 46.2%, while total porosity and aeration porosity decreased from 71.3% and 31.2% to 66.2% and 20.5%, respectively. Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and humus content significantly increased (P<0.05) from initial 2.23, 0.29, 0.72, and 302.5 g/kg to 2.75, 0.34, 0.85, and 344.6 g/kg at the maturation period (increases of 25.1%, 18.1%, 17.2%, and 13.9%, respectively), whereas organic matter content decreased by 8.7%. 2) Bacterial diversity indices (Chao1 and Shannon) significantly increased (P<0.05), accompanied by phased succession of community structure: Firmicutes dominated the heating-up phase (>65% relative abundance), Proteobacteria became predominant during the high-temperature phase, Firmicutes and Thermotogae prevailed in the cooling-down phase, and Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes emerged as dominant phyla in the maturation phase. 3) Spearman correlation analysis revealed that Firmicutes was negatively correlated with moisture content, Actinobacteria positively correlated with EC, Proteobacteria negatively correlated with EC, and Bacteroidetes positively correlated with pH. These findings demonstrate stage-specific physicochemical parameter dynamics, enhanced bacterial diversity and uniformity, and tight interactions between dominant microbial taxa and composting environments. Optimizing environmental conditions to favor functional bacterial communities at different stages could improve compost quality, providing theoretical guidance for agricultural waste recycling.

     

/

返回文章
返回