高级检索+

华北落叶松树干液流对不同降雨事件的响应

Response of tree stem sap flow to different rainfall events in Larix principis-rupprechtii

  • 摘要: 为研究树干液流对不同降雨事件响应的差异,该研究以华北落叶松(Larix principis-rupprechtii)为研究对象,按照相对树高将其划分为3种优势度等级(Ⅰ级木、Ⅱ级木和Ⅲ级木),采用热扩散法,对2022年生长季(5月12日—10月12日)不同等级的华北落叶松树干液流速率(Vs)和环境因子进行连续观测。结果表明:1)在日尺度上,降雨后Vs平均值较降雨前均有所提升,增幅大小表现为:大雨>小雨>中雨;降雨量、降雨特征与降雨后Vs呈显著负相关(P<0.01),各类型降雨事件后Vs较降雨前的最大变化量大小表现为:小雨>中雨>大雨。2)Ⅰ级木、Ⅱ级木和Ⅲ级木Vs对降雨的响应均符合Threshold-delay模型,最低降雨阈值分别为3.6、5.4和5.6 mm,滞后时间分别为1.87、1.54和1.24 d。3)不同降雨事件后影响Vs的主要环境因子不同,小雨和大雨后影响Vs的主要环境因子为太阳辐射和饱和水汽压,中雨后为土壤含水量;通过拟合曲线参数发现各等级样树Vs均在中雨后对环境因子的响应最敏感,小雨后华北落叶松导水能力最强。因此,小雨事件更能促进华北落叶松的水分生理活动。

     

    Abstract: Rainfall is one of the most important ways to obtain the water in ecosystems. Among them, the water use strategies of trees can be determined from the response of sap flow velocity to the different rainfall events. The purpose of this study was to investigate the different response of the sap flow from the sample trees to the various rainfall events. The Larix principis-rupprechtii was also taken as the research objects. Three dominance classes were classified, according to their relative heights (Class I, Class II, and Class III). The sap flow velocity of trees and environmental factors were determined before and after different rainfall events from May to October 2022. The data was also collected from the detection of thermal diffusion flow and automatic weather station. Finally, the water use of trees was analyzed using threshold-delay model, Pearson correlation analysis and random forest regression. The results showed that: 1) The sap flow velocity of trees increased significantly after the rainfall event than before. There were the significant differences in the sap flow velocity after the rainfall event among the three types of rainfall events; On the daily scale, the sap flow velocity after the rainfall event was ranked in the descending order of the heavy > light > medium rainfall. The peaks of small and medium rainfall events were dominated by the single peaks. While the double peaks were then dominated in the light and medium rainfall events; The lagged time of the peaks was observed in the initiation of the sap flow event. Both start and peak time of the sap flow were lagged behind the rainfall after the events. The sap flow velocity of trees was significantly negatively correlated with the rainfall amount and duration. The maximum variation in the sap flow velocity before and after the events was ranked in the descending order of the light >medium >heavy rain. 2) The lowest rainfall thresholds that caused the significant responses of sap flow velocity in the Class I (dominant wood), Class II (average wood) and Class III (suppressed wood) were 3.6, 5.4, and 5.6 mm, respectively. The small rainfall events were important for the growth and survival of trees. The response of sap flow velocity to the rainfall shared the lag behavior with the increase of dominance, which were 1.87, 1.54 and 1.24 d, respectively. Different water-use strategies were formed after rainfall events. 3) There was the great variation in the dominant influencing factors of the sap flow velocity after different rainfall events. There was the ever-increasing contribution of the volumetric soil water content to the sap flow velocity after each rainfall events. As such, the content of volumetric soil water was the dominant influencing factor on the sap flow velocity after medium rainfall. While the solar radiation and vapor pressure deficit differences were the environmental factors on the sap flow velocity after light and heavy rainfall; A comparison was then made on the curve-fitting parameters of the sap flow velocity and transpiration variables before and after rainfall. The sap flow velocity in each class of sample trees was the most sensitive to the environmental factors after the medium rainfall. The strongest sensitivity was also observed in the water conductivity after light rainfall. Therefore, the small rainfall events were more likely to promote the water physiological activities of North China larch. A better understanding of hydrological effects was gained to accurately quantify the response of the sap flow of trees to the different rainfall events. The finding can also provide the theoretical support to maintain the health of local forests in the Loess Plateau region.

     

/

返回文章
返回