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基于“三主三分”方法的中国农业地域空间定量评估与分析

Quantitative evaluation and analysis of China's agricultural regional space based on the main function-oriented zoning, leading type classification and main purpose classification system

  • 摘要: 农业地域空间作为人类从事农业活动的重要载体,进行分级-分区-分类定量评估与分析有助于深化农业地域系统与土地系统科学认知,服务农业空间布局调整与国土空间格局优化的实践需求。研究基于地理学“三主三分”方法,集成多源空间数据和多种技术模型,揭示了中国农业地域空间作用强度等级与地类差异、主体功能分区与省际差异、地域类型分类与主导县域。结果表明:1)2020年中国农业地域空间面积685.91万km2,不同用途农业土地作用强度等级呈现自东向西递减趋势。从地类差异看,乡村居民点用地人类活动影响强度指数(HAI)最高,其次是耕地,林地和草地较低;2)主体功能分区面积是生产功能区>生态功能区>生活功能区。从省际差异看,不同省份主体功能分区差异显著。生产功能区面积较大的省份是内蒙古、四川、黑龙江,均在20万km2以上。生活功能区面积较大的省份是山东、河南,分别为1.57万km2和1.56万km2。西藏和内蒙古的生态功能区面积较高;3)根据农业主导因素属性特征,识别出传统平原粮食种植区、山地丘陵粮食种植区、都市近郊非粮生产区、远离城镇非粮生产区和林牧渔业综合生产区等5种农业地域类型,据此探测出中国2853个县域农业主导类型,并分区分类提出差异化的农业可持续发展路径。

     

    Abstract: This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the spatial intensity level and land type differences of the agricultural regions in China. The main functional zoning and provincial differences, the regional type classification and the dominant county were also employed from the perspective of the regional system of human-land relationship. In particular, the agricultural regional space was a multifunctional spatial system with the agricultural land use as the carrier with the production, life and ecology, rather than the connotation of the agricultural space in the National Territory Space Planning. The geographic representation was assumed as the human-land relationship in the agricultural field. A systematic and comprehensive spatial system of the interaction between natural and socio-economic elements was emphasized in the overall function and spatial optimization of the agricultural areas. Therefore, the quantitative evaluation was conducted on the agricultural regional space as an important carrier for the human agricultural activities. The classification, zoning and category was greatly contributed to the scientific understanding of the agricultural land system at regional scale. The practical needs were fully met for the agricultural spatial layout and pattern optimization of the land resources. Firstly, the concept of the agricultural regional space was introduced to construct a framework of the evaluation system, according to the land system science and agricultural regional system. Taking the remote sensing data of the land use types in 2020 as a carrier, the socioeconomic attributes were integrated, such as the population, GDP, roads, POI and night lights. Additionally, a top-down and step-by-step assessment was carried out on the intensity of land use in the regional space, according to the main function-oriented zoning, leading type classification and main purpose classification system. The distribution pattern and regional type of agricultural space were identified in the different regions under human-land interaction. Finally, the differentiated pathways of the sustainable agriculture were proposed for the different regional types. The specific examples were integrated to determine the influencing factors on the regional spatial differences in agriculture. The results show that the total area of the regional agriculture was 685.91×104km2 in China. The intensity level shared a decreasing trend from the east to the west in 2020. In terms of the land types, the human activity impact intensity index of rural residential land was the highest, followed by the cultivated land, as well as the forest land and grassland were relatively low. A comparison was also made on the areas of the main functional zones. The functional zone of the production was greater than the ecological and the living functional zones. Specifically, the provinces with the largest production functional areas were Inner Mongolia, Sichuan, and Heilongjiang, all of which were above 20×104km2. The provinces with the largest living functional areas were Shandong and Henan, which were 1.57×104km2 and 1.56×104km2, respectively. The ecological functional areas in Tibet and Inner Mongolia were relatively large. According to the attributes of the dominant factors in agriculture, five types of agricultural regional areas were identified: traditional plain grain-growing areas, mountainous and hilly grain-growing areas, neighboring urban non-grain production areas, stay away from urban non-grain production areas, as well as the forestry, animal husbandry and fishery integrated production agricultural areas. The dominant agricultural types were detected in 2853 counties in China. The differentiated pathways of the zoning and classification were proposed in the sustainable agriculture.

     

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