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基于自由曲面光学技术的后备母猪诱情人工光源设计

Design of an artificial lighting system for estrus induction in gilts based on freeform optics

  • 摘要: 针对传统人工光照系统存在光照分布不均匀、能效低下、难以满足后备母猪诱情行为的光照需求的问题,该研究开发了一种专用光源并进行了试验。采用自由曲面光学技术对LED(light emitting diode, LED)光源进行二次配光,在目标区域投射出光照度均匀分布的方形光斑,结合超声波测距模块,构建了基于目标距离的闭环光强调控系统,实现灯具光功率动态调节。试验选取44头健康后备母猪随机分为4组,分别施加蓝光、绿光、蓝绿复合光(1:1)及传统白光LED灯带照射处理,通过行为学指标(如静立反应、外阴红肿等)观测,结合猪促黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)和猪雌二醇(estradiol, E2)监测,评估不同光源对母猪诱情效果的影响。设计出的灯具投射光斑光照度均匀性达0.87,超声波测距模块可确保母猪接受到的光强稳定在(100 ± 5)lx。试验结果表明,蓝绿复合光试验组母猪的发情启动时间较其他组更早,第4天(母猪发情尾声)LH浓度(115 ng/mL)与E2水平(71 ng/mL)高于其他组;后备母猪行为学指标与激素水平呈正相关。基于自由曲面光学技术的灯具通过优化光照条件,提升了后备母猪的诱情效率,蓝绿复合光谱(1:1)可有效刺激后备母猪生殖激素分泌,该研究为畜禽精准光照管理提供了新思路和技术支持。

     

    Abstract: This study aims to design an advanced lighting system using freeform optical technology. The artificial lighting was also improved in the reproductive efficiency. An artificial lighting system was also developed to dynamically adjust the light intensity in response to the posture of gilts. Thereby, a stable and uniform lighting environment was created to promote the estrus expression for optimal hormonal regulation. The blue and green light were integrated to form a blue-green composite spectrum, in order to closely align with the spectral sensitivity of the pigs. The freeform optics were designed to realize the precise control over the light distribution. There was an average uniformity of 0.87 and a maximum illuminance of 311 lx. The experiment was conducted at the Guangxi Yangxiang Co., Ltd. Guigang Huanglian Pig Farm, China. The gilts were exposed to four lighting conditions: a control group with the conventional white LED lights, a blue light (B), a green light (G), and a blue-green composite light (B&G) group. The blue and green light was also combined in a ratio of 1:1. The lighting system was operated on a 12-hour daily cycle. The levels of the luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2) were measured to evaluate their correlation with the estrus expression. The results revealed that the B&G group exhibited the most pronounced estrus behavior, with significantly higher levels of LH and E2 than the rest groups. The elevated hormonal levels were maintained consistently to result in a prolonged and more stable breeding window, which was essential to successful mating. These findings suggest that the combination of the blue and green light effectively stimulated the hormonal process with the estrus induction. In contrast, the green light group shared the less consistent estrus expression and the weaker hormonal responses, indicating that the green light alone was less effective inducing the estrus behavior. Although the blue light group shared the improvement over the control group, there was no same level of consistency or intensity in the hormonal variation as the B&G group. Furthermore, the stability and reliability of the lighting system were also assessed beyond behavioral observations. An ultrasonic distance sensor was incorporated to continuously monitor the posture of the gilts. The light intensity was dynamically adjusted using the distance between the gilt and the light source. The light intensity remained stable, with a ±5% variation whether the gilts were lying down or standing. Moreover, the lighting system also demonstrated impressive energy efficiency, with a 95% energy utilization rate. The energy loss was significantly reduced, compared with the conventional lighting systems. Therefore, freeform optical technology shared the promising potential to customize lighting systems, in order to enhance animal welfare and productivity in modern farming. The B&G lighting system effectively improved the reproductive environment for the gilts, thereby enhancing the reproductive efficiency in the pig industry. Furthermore, artificial lighting was emphasized to regulate animal behavior and physiology, particularly in the context of estrus induction. In conclusion, the freeform optical can be expected to offer a practical and efficient solution to the optimal lighting systems in the gilts, in order to improve both estrus expression and hormonal regulation. The insights were also gained for the valuable guidance of the lighting systems in pig farming or agricultural settings, where controlled lighting influences animal behavior. Future research should focus on refining the parameters of the blue-green light spectrum, such as the optimal light ratio, photoperiod duration, and light intensity, in order to further enhance estrus induction and reproductive performance. These efforts can greatly contribute to more effective, sustainable, and intelligent farming solutions for increasing productivity with animal welfare.

     

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