Abstract: Combine harvesting machinery is commonly used in peanut production nowadays. However, there is no effective way to concurrently cut the roots and remove the residual mulch for peanut vines in the field. A double-disk root cutter can be expected to dig up the peanut plants and collect the peanut pods in the planting area. The one-ridge-two-row combine harvesting can be realized to effectively remove the residual mulch. In this study, a double-disk root cutter was designed to work with a double-row peanut combine harvester, in order to effectively remove the residual film. The kinematics, dynamics, and operation analysis were also performed on the key components of the double-disk root cutter. The structural and operational parameters were then determined for the double-disk root cutting and the film removal. The simplification of the model was first carried out using Solidworks software. Mesh delineation was then implemented using Hypermesh software. Explicit dynamics were finally simulated using Ansys LS-DYNA software. According to the physical and mechanical properties of the peanut vines, the cutting force, stress, and energy were determined under the working settings after simulation. The cutting performance was also compared on the three pairs of disk cutters: serrated/serrated, non-serrated/non-serrated, and serrated/non-serrated disk cutting knives. The optimal combination was determined as the serrated/non-serrated disk cutting knives (AB type). Furthermore, the one- and multi-factor experiment was conducted to optimize the test factors. The optimal combination of the operating and structural parameters was then achieved in the maximum force of the root cutting and cutting energy. The results show that the optimal performance of the double-disk root cutter was achieved in the root cutting and film removal, where the rotary speed and the tilt angle of the disk cutter were 238.92 r/min and 4.98°, respectively, as well as the feeding speed was 901.93 mm/s. The field test of the peanut combine harvester was also carried out to verify the simulation, according to the optimal combination of the parameters. A better performance was obtained, where the cutting rate of the peanut root disks was 96.9%, and the film removal rate of the peanut vines was 98.3%. The finding can also provide a theoretical reference to improve the performance of the mechanization equipment in the peanut industry.