Abstract: Soil-engaging components of agricultural machinery represent a functionally critical subsystem within agricultural machinery systems, exerting direct influence on operational efficiency, energy consumption dynamics, and pedological health. To address this knowledge gap, the present study employs bibliometric methodologies to conduct an exhaustive quantitative analysis of both English and Chinese scholarly literature alongside invention patent data pertaining to agricultural machinery soil-engaging components, spanning the temporal period from 2000 to 2024. This investigation leverages multidisciplinary databases including the Web of Science Core Collection, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Espacenet (European Patent Office), and the China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) to ensure global coverage. Utilizing advanced scientometric visualization tools—specifically CiteSpace and VOSviewer—the research performs multidimensional analyses encompassing publication volume chronologies, geographical distributions of contributing nations, structural mappings of institutional and author collaborative networks, identification of highly cited seminal works, and keyword co-occurrence/clustering diagnostics, thereby facilitating a profound dissection of the field’s current research landscape, evolving thematic concentrations, and prospective developmental trajectories. Empirical findings demonstrate that global scholarly output exhibits a consistent upward trajectory commencing in 2000, subsequently entering a plateau phase post-2017 indicative of foundational research maturation; concomitantly, the People’s Republic of China emerges with predominant research productivity, securing foremost positioning in both quantitative output volume and aggregate academic influence within this specialized field. High-impact research entities—encompassing institutions and authors—are observed to concentrate intellectual efforts on developing components exhibiting adaptability to diverse regional soil tillage regimes, with primary research thrusts encompassing functional optimization (e.g., geometric profiling for draft force mitigation and enhanced residue management), advanced material strengthening techniques (including wear-resistant surface engineering and composite material integration), tillage regime compatibility (design paradigms tailored for conservation, conventional, or reduced-tillage systems), and intelligent perception integration (sensor-enabled components facilitating real-time load diagnostics and operational condition monitoring), collectively constituting an interconnected framework driving technological progression. Contemporary research hotspots manifest intense focus on conservation tillage technologies (optimizing components for minimal soil disturbance and maximal residue retention), energy-efficient and anti-adhesive design principles (reducing energy consumption and minimizing soil adhesion through innovative component design), high-fidelity Discrete Element Method (DEM) modeling of soil-tool interaction mechanics, and smart technology applications (entailing IoT integration, embedded sensing architectures, and adaptive control systems). Notwithstanding these advancements, significant technological hurdles persist, prominently including insufficient material performance and inadequate multi-objective optimization (reflecting unresolved tensions between wear resistance, fracture toughness, mass reduction, and cost efficiency), underdeveloped modular system dynamic coupling (evidenced by limited integration and interaction analysis between modular components under operational stresses), and deficient environmental robustness of intelligent sensing systems (manifesting as vulnerability to extreme field conditions including moisture ingress, particulate contamination, mechanical vibration, and impact loads). Consequently, future research imperatives necessitate critical breakthroughs in novel material innovation (exploring smart materials, nano-composites, and functionally graded structures), systemic intelligent upgrading (leveraging AI-driven predictive maintenance and autonomous adjustment algorithms), eco-sustainable development pathways (emphasizing low-carbon manufacturing, recyclability, and soil health preservation), and multifunctional modular design architectures (enabling interchangeable, scalable components supporting versatile field operations); addressing these priorities is fundamentally essential to propel soil-engaging component technology toward enhanced operational efficiency, superior quality metrics, reduced energy intensity, and elevated intelligence levels—a technological evolution constituting a foundational enabler for the sustainable intensification and high-quality development objectives characterizing modern precision agriculture paradigms.