Abstract: Low temperature, high humidity and poor air quality during the winter breeding process in facility cowshed in severe cold regions, so the cattle in the cowshed are prone to cold stress, which leads to symptoms such as lose weight, reduced immunity, high incidence of diseases and limited growth and development. However, the traditional heat preservation and heating methods of facility cowshed have problems such as large energy consumption, high risk, high cost of facilities, uneven heating, difficult operation and maintenance, and contradiction between ventilation and heating, which hinders the economy and scale of facility aquaculture. In view of this, this study proposes a solar concentrating soil heating system for cattle bed of facility cowshed. The system adopts solar energy as the heat source, air as the heat transfer medium, and the soil under the facility cowshed as the heat storage and supply carrier. It has the characteristics of low-carbon, low cost and convenient operation and maintenance. Firstly, the structure of the facility cowshed and the system, the operating principle of the system for heating facility cowshed were introduced. The heating performance characteristics of the system in Hulunbuir were analyzed by testing and calculating the heating temperature, temperature difference and heat transfer efficiency of the system. On this basis, the soil temperature data of the cattle bed were tested and collected during the continuous heating and non-heating periods of the system. Then the multi-dimensional distribution characteristics of the soil temperature of the cattle bed along the vertical directions, horizontal directions and the direction vertical to the heat exchange pipeline were analyzed. The results indicate that the heating temperature and temperature difference of the system show a periodic change rule during the effective heating period of 5 hours per day, which can reach 50.4℃ and 30.4℃ respectively. In addition, the highest and average heat transfer efficiency of heat exchange unit in the system are 71.81% and 56.10%, respectively. Currently, the soil temperature at the depth of 0.7 m is stable at about 2.7℃ and the soil temperature shows a significant decrease as the system stops heating. Under the condition of continuous heating of the system, the soil temperature at different positions of the cattle bed shows an increasing trend, and increases with the increasing of soil vertical depth. The average temperature of the soil at 0.7 m is 11.1, 9.2 and 5.8℃ higher than that at 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 m, respectively. In the horizontal direction parallel to the heat exchange pipe, the soil temperature and temperature increment at the high temperature end of the heat exchange pipeline are higher than those at the low temperature end. Among them, the soil temperature increment and temperature rising speed at the high temperature end and the low temperature end are 6.8 ℃, 0.6 ℃/d and 4.0 ℃, 0.4 ℃/d, respectively. In the direction of the vertical heat exchange pipeline, the soil temperature increment and temperature rising speed above the heat exchange pipeline is the highest, which are 3.9 ℃ and 0.3 ℃/d higher than that of the soil at 0.8 m away from the heat exchange pipeline. The research results can provide reference for the application of green low-carbon heating technology in facility cowsheds in severe cold areas.