Abstract: As a key technological method to ensure food safety, the agricultural product quality and safety traceability system effectively enhances trust between supply chain entities and consumers, provides a scientific basis for implementing precise quality and safety recall mechanisms, and has thus become a major focus of academic research in recent years. This article systematically summarizes the basic concepts and classifications of agricultural product quality and safety traceability system in China and elaborates on the development process of traceability policies in three stages: building institutional frameworks, comprehensively promoting platform construction and system improvement and digital transformation. The agricultural product quality and safety traceability technology system in China has successfully integrated key technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, blockchain, and artificial intelligence, achieving significant progress in information perception, data processing, anti-counterfeiting traceability, and intelligent analysis. By elucidating its technological empowerment mechanisms across three dimensions including the information perception layer, processing layer, and decision making layer. The advantages and disadvantages of these technologies in traceability applications were discussed. Summarized the operation of existing traceability platforms, national standards, industry standards, and local standards in China. However, challenges persist, including severe data silos, diverse traceability technologies and management models adopted by different regions and enterprises and a lack of unified standards and specifications across systems, resulting in difficulties in data sharing and integration. Additionally, the high costs of constructing and maintaining traceability systems, coupled with limited integration of emerging technologies with the traceability framework, have restricted the coverage and adoption rate of such systems. As the traceability technology system continues to advance, management systems optimize, and standardization frameworks gradually improve, the agricultural product quality and safety traceability system in China must further evolve by prioritizing fundamental theoretical research, aligning with market-oriented applications and deepening platform-based practical implementation. The future primary research and application directions may focus on the following aspects. In the traceability information perception, intelligent equipment such as embodied intelligence and low-altitude drones will play a significant role in logistics and distribution, driving the hardware development of agricultural product quality and safety traceability systems toward greater intelligence and automation. In the traceability Information Processing, by deeply exploring the potential of large-scale models and quantum block chain in data processing, analysis and intelligent decision-making. In the traceability information interaction, building on the comprehensive application of cutting-edge technologies like big data, the internet, and the Internet of Things, further integration of next-generation technologies such as 3D printing, the metaverse, and digital twins will create novel interaction methods for the traceability system. In the traceability standards, cross-platform, cross-regional, cross-departmental and even cross-border collaborative traceability efforts will gradually become a trend. Strengthening application-oriented standard leadership and establishing a unified technical standard system will be critical. Developing a comprehensive traceability standard system covering the entire agricultural product supply chain will be a key future focus. Finally, the development history and future prospects of agricultural product quality and safety traceability system in China provide theoretical support and practical guidance for advancing the system toward intelligent and collaborative development.