Abstract: The Food industry is one of the largest manufacturing sectors in the national economy of China. It can greatly contribute to the development of industries and regional economies, thus promoting social harmony and stability. Cultivating and developing innovative technologies are important measures to implement the "big food concept", such as the efficient synthesis of protein raw materials, precise structural modification, and intelligent manufacturing of the products, as well as the high-quality development of the plant protein processing industry. Alternatively, the protein is one of the essential nutrients for the human body. The calories and protein can also be obtained from plants, animals, and microorganisms. It is of great significance for the efficient supply of the protein. The carbon emissions are reduced to improve people's lives and health. There are rich and diverse plant protein resources. However, their development and utilization are not sufficient so far. It is still lacking in technologies and equipment, such as the separation and extraction of the new protein resources, multi-scale structure analysis, as well as quality and function. This review aims to systematically outline the landscape of the plant protein resources in China. A systematic analysis was made to explore the evolution and current status of the plant protein separation, extraction, and deep processing industries. The progress was also provided on the multiscale structures, the quality, and functionality regulation of the proteins. The plant protein processing and products were further summarized in the context of intelligent manufacturing. The technical support and decision-making were provided to explore the plant protein resources, in order to innovate the NeoProtein foods during intelligent manufacturing. The new-quality productive forces accelerated the cultivation to drive the upgrading and high-quality transformation of the food industry and the national food security. Technology innovation was the first factor to implement the scientific concept of the "big food concept" and the high-quality development in the food industry. A new generation of frontier technologies and equipment continued to integrate in the food field against the scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. The global food industry was driven to rapidly develop in the direction of high technology, full nutrition, intelligence, and sustainability. A sufficient supply of total protein was observed in China. But it was still mainly plant protein, while the animal protein was relatively scarce. The bottleneck problems were determined in the processing and utilization of the plant protein, such as the low stability of the raw material quality, low effective utilization rate, and backward processing and equipment in the whole chain. NeoProtein food was a promising potential direction of plant protein processing, such as plant-based protein meat, eggs, and milk. Therefore, it is imperative to integrate the multidisciplinary strengths, covering physical chemistry, biochemistry, applied mathematics, synthetic biology, and artificial intelligence, in order to explore the emerging integrated technologies, like novel extrusion, 3D printing, biomanufacturing, and AI-driven design. New large models can be expected to trigger technological innovation, science-industry integration, and the whole-industry-chain collaboration from the raw materials to finished products. The nutritious and healthy products with plant protein can also be tailored for the Chinese dietary habits, thereby accelerating the high-quality development of the plant protein industry.