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生态—经济协同视角下的河北省生态调节服务产品价值实现路径

Value realization pathways of ecological regulation service products in Hebei Province from an eco-economic synergy perspective

  • 摘要: 经济增长与生态保护之间存在着复杂的关系,将丰富的生态资产转化为可流通和消费的生态产品,进而实现经济价值的增值,对河北省可持续发展具有重要意义。该研究以河北省2012、2017、2022年土地利用数据为基础,采用水量平衡方程、修正土壤流失方程、修正风蚀方程、InVEST模型碳储存和封存模块计算河北省水源涵养、土壤保持、防风固沙、固碳服务物质量,利用影子工程法、替代成本法、市场价值法计算其价值量,分析生态调节服务产品价值时空变化特征。引入四象限模型,划分富绿共生区、生态富裕区、双弱滞后区、物质富裕区4个分区,结合案例分析,匹配生态调节服务产品价值实现的适宜路径。研究结果表明:1)2012—2022年河北省生态调节服务产品价值和人均生态调节服务产品价值均呈下降趋势,地区生产总值和人均地区生产总值均呈上升趋势。2)2012—2022年,河北省生态富裕区的县区数比例增加2.99%,物质富裕区的县区数比例增加1.20%,但富绿共生区的县区数比例下降1.79%,反映出各县区在经济发展和生态保护之间尚未实现平衡。3)处于不同分区的县区应在生态产权交易、生态指标交易、生态整治修复、横向生态补偿、纵向生态补偿、生态产业化、产业生态化7种主要生态调节服务产品价值实现路径中因地制宜进行选择和匹配组合,以最适宜的路径促进区域生态财富和物质财富均衡发展。通过对河北省生态调节服务产品价值实现路径的深入剖析,可为制定科学合理的价值实现策略提供有力支持。

     

    Abstract: There is a complex relationship between economic growth and ecological protection. How to transform abundant ecological assets into tradable and consumable ecological products to achieve economic value appreciation is of great significance for Hebei Province to achieve sustainable development. This study is based on the land use data of Hebei Province in 2012, 2017, and 2022. The water balance equation, revised soil loss equation, revised wind erosion equation, and the carbon storage and sequestration module of the InVEST model were used to calculate the physical quantities of water conservation, soil conservation, wind erosion control, and carbon sequestration services in Hebei Province. Shadow project method, substitution cost method, and market value method were employed to calculate their value quantities, and the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of gross ecological regulation service product were analyzed. A four-quadrant model was introduced to categorize regions into four types: Eco-Economic Synergy Zone, Ecological Affluence Zone, Dual-Disadvantaged Lagging Zone, and Material Prosperity Zone. Case studies were integrated to identify suitable pathways for realizing the value of ecological regulation service products. The research results show that: (1) From 2012 to 2022, the per capita value of ecological regulation service products in Hebei Province showed a declining trend, with a spatial distribution characterized by "higher values in the north and lower in the south, prominent in mountainous areas, and weaker in plains." Meanwhile, the per capita gross regional product exhibited an upward trend, spatially distributed as "higher in the east and lower in the west, with a transitional pattern in the central region." (2) Between 2012 and 2022, the proportion of counties and districts in Hebei Province classified as the Ecological Affluence Zone increased by 2.99%, while those in the Material Prosperity Zone saw an increase of 1.20%. However, the proportion of counties in the Eco-Economic Synergy Zone decreased by 1.79%, reflecting that a balance between economic development and ecological protection has not yet been achieved across these regions. (3) In promoting regional "eco-economic" coordinated development, the following composite pathways are recommended for different types of counties and districts: For counties within the Eco-Economic Synergy Zone, a combined approach of “ecological property rights trading + ecological indicator trading + eco-industrialization” is proposed to achieve a win-win outcome in both ecological and economic development. Counties classified under the Ecological Affluence Zone are advised to adopt a pathway integrating “ecological property rights trading + ecological indicator trading + horizontal ecological compensation” to foster economic growth while ensuring ecological conservation. In the Dual-Disadvantaged Lagging Zone, a strategy emphasizing “vertical ecological compensation + ecological remediation and restoration + eco-industrialization” is recommended to address dual challenges in ecological and economic conditions. For counties belonging to the Material Prosperity Zone, a composite model of “ecological remediation and restoration + industrial ecologicalization + horizontal ecological compensation” should be implemented to strengthen ecological protection while advancing economic development. Through an in-depth analysis of the value realization paths of regulatory service ecological products in Hebei Province, this study can provide strong support for formulating scientific and reasonable value realization strategies.

     

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