Abstract: Resource utilization of agricultural organic wastes was a key pathway to improve the efficiency of resource recycling, to prevent agricultural pollution and to promote the green transition in agricultural development. The research explored the popular topics, key issues, and the innovation trends for different types of agricultural wastes. Based on a bibliometric method, the results found that the aerobic composting process and anaerobic digestion were the mainstream technological methods for handling the agricultural organic wastes, and the mainstream of those waste agricultural films were recycling for treatment and developing the new biodegradable films. Technology levels of aerobic composting decomposition transformation, straw utilization, pyrolysis gasification, new pollutant removal was equal with international advanced level, while the technology of wet anaerobic digestion, animal slurry storing in lagoon, supervision and intelligent management during handling processes were lower than the international advanced levels. Meanwhile, there’s a larger gap among the recent level of technology in China than the international advanced in high-value utilization field. Regarding agricultural waste resource utilization technology, there were unclear mechanisms and conversions in manure and slurry treatments, poor efficiency in applying technology and equipment, low rate of recycling in resources utilizations, and high-risk issues related to new pollutant removal and safe return to the field. Based on comprehensive research and judgment, it was determined that agricultural waste resource utilization science and technology innovation would present the following trends: integrated mechanism research, cleaner and more efficient technology and equipment, diversified high-value product development, and precision intelligence in recycling and utilization, along with integrated demonstration and application. This paper could provide theoretical support for achieving highly efficient treatment and utilization of agricultural waste, for meeting the “dual carbon goals”, and promoting agricultural green development in China.